What’s new?

What’s new?

After a major data loss (I haven’t given up on getting back all my data, mostly code repositories and databases!), I had to start all my pet projects from scratch. Luckily, it’s easier second time around as they say! And, lucky me, I store all my personal stuff on the web! So here’s a list of what’s coming up on this blog.

Ruzzle

Even though I had a decent working version of the genetic algorithm program to find the best ruzzle grid (original posts in French here, here and here), I wasn’t satisfied with the code.  It slowly evolved from a bunch of code snippets into something I could somehow call a genetic algorithm.  Problem was that my solution was tailored for this specific problem only!  Since I lost all the Smalltalk code, I redid the whole thing from scratch : better design, simpler API, more flexible framework.  I can currently solve a TSP problem, the best ruzzle grid search and a diophantine equation.

I also plan to provide examples of the 8 queens problem, the knapsack problem, a quadratic equation problem, a resource-constrained problem and a simple bit-based example with the GA framework.  Besides, the are now more selection operators, more crossover operators, more termination detectors (as well as support for sets of termination criteria!), cleaner code and the list goes on!  So I’ll soon publish a GA framework for Pharo.

As most of you know, the Rush fan in me had to pick a project name in some way related to my favorite band!  So the framework will be called Freewill, for the lyrics in the song :

Each of us
A cell of awareness
Imperfect and incomplete
Genetic blends
With uncertain ends
On a fortune hunt that’s far too fleet

Bingo

A stupid quest I’ll address after the first version of my GA framework is published.  It all started with a simple question related to the game of bingo (don’t ask!) : can we estimate the number of bingo cards sold in an event based on how many numbers it takes for each card configuration to have a winner?  So it’s just a matter of generating millions of draws and cards à la Monte Carlo and averaging how many numbers it takes for every configuration.  Why am I doing that?  Just because I’m curious!

Glorp

There’s been a lot of action on the Pharo side and Glorp.  I plan on having a serious look at the latest Glorp/Pharo combo and even participate to the development!

Sudoku

I’ll translate my articles (in French here, here and here) on the SQL sudoku solver in English and test the whole thing on the latest MySQL server.  Besides, db4free has upgraded to a new MySQL server version!

NeoCSV

I had done a port of NeoCSV to Dolphin right before losing all my code data.  Wasn’t hard to port so I’ll redo it as soon as I reinstall Dolphin!

Smalltalk

It’s time to reinstall VisualAge, VisualWorks, Squeak, ObjectStudio and Dolphin and see what’s new in each environment!  From what I saw, there’s a lot of new and interesting stuff on the web side.  Add to that the fact that most social media platforms have had significant changes in their respective APIs recently, so there’s a lot to learn there!

 

That’s a wrap folks!

Les casse-tête

Ceux qui me connaissent bien le savent, j’adore me casser la tête sur une foule de « petits » problèmes (mathématiques, algorithmiques ou autres) : ça permet de garder le cerveau en forme et ça me donne une occasion de faire du Smalltalk et de me garder à jour dans mes skills autant de programmation que d’analyse.

Si vous êtes comme moi, voici une liste de ces petits casse-tête qui m’amusent en ce moment (ou depuis un bout) et qui pourrait vous servir de suggestions…

Les nombres de Lychrel

Avant tout, un peu de vocabulaire!

Un palindrome est une mot, une phrase ou un nombre qui s’écrit de la même façon à l’endroit et à l’envers.  Par exemple, Laval, Bob ou 17371.  Ça peut également être une phrase ou un bout de texte comme « Mon nom » ou le célèbre « A man, a plan, a canal: Panama ».

Grosso modo, un nombre de Lychrel est un nombre qui ne peut pas former de nombre palindrome lorsqu’on l’additionne à répétition avec son « inverse ».

Par exemple, 59 n’est pas un nombre de Lychrel puis qu’on aboutit à un palindrome au bout des itérations suivantes:

59 + 95 = 154
154 + 451 = 605
605 + 506 = 1111

L’histoire devient passionnante quand des mathématiciens se sont intéressés au plus petit nombre pour lequel on n’a pas encore trouvé de nombre palindrome après une quantité anormalement élevée d’itérations.  Il s’agit de 196.

Le problème est fascinant en soi de par la simplicité des opérations impliquées (des additions et la détection de palindrome) et les raccourcis et astuces nécessaires (autant mathématiques qu’algorithmiques) pour tenter de le résoudre.

Parmi les incontournables sur le sujet, il y a les sites de Jason Doucet et celui de Wade VanLandingham.

Le site What If?

Un site de questions absurdes avec des explications sérieuses et scientifiques.  Un challenge pour le cerveau quand on essaie de formuler une réponse aux problèmes présentés! Ce qui est intéressant, c’est le raisonnement et les arguments des réponses à des problèmes aussi hypothétiques que, bien souvent, idiots!  Comme celui-ci par exemple.

La persistence multiplicative

On définit grossièrement la persistence multiplicative par le nombre de fois qu’on peut multiplier les chiffres d’un nombre entre eux jusqu’à ce que le résultat ne comporte qu’un seul chiffre.

Par exemple:

679 ->  6 * 7 * 9 = 378
378 ->  3 * 7 * 8 = 168
168 ->  1 * 6 * 8 = 48
48 ->  4 * 8 = 32
32 ->  3 * 2 = 6

On dira donc que le nombre 679 a une persistence multiplicative de 5.

À ce jour, nous ne connaissons aucun nombre en deça de 10^233 (10 à la puissance 233) ayant une persistence multiplicative supérieure à 11. C’est précisément cette limite qui intéresse les mathématiciens!

Évidemment, ce qu’il est intéressant de chercher ce sont les nombres dits candidats.  Tout nombre comportant un 0 est éliminé d’office (ça occasionne forcément un résultat de zéro). Comme la multiplication par 1 n’apporte rien de plus, on ne considérera que les nombres sans le chiffre 1.  De plus, on éliminera les nombres comportant à la fois le chiffre 5 et un nombre pair comme cela produira un multiple de 10, donc un résultat de zéro.

Pour un bref aperçu de la persistence multiplicative, il y a une page de Wolfram sur le sujet. Pour un résumé des optimisations et trucs possibles, il y a ce papier.

La conjecture de Collatz

Un autre problème mathématique non résolu : la conjecture de Collatz (aussi appelée conjecture de Syracuse).

Si vous avez quelques cycles de CPU à partager, il existe un projet BOINC juste ici.

Autrement, je vous recommende de lire sur le sujet.  Les diverses astuces pour accélérer les calculs sont aussi surprenantes qu’efficaces!

Euler Project

Un site qui propose des problèmes mathématiques à être résolus par ordinateur!  Il y a un hic!  Il devient assez rapidement évident que la solution est bien souvent (pour ne pas écrire toujours) algébrique et mathématique.

C’est ce dont je me suis encore rendu compte récemment, en scrappant toute une nuit à faire des calculs pour résoudre le problème 131!

Sudoku

Il y a tant d’articles sur le sujet qu’un simple recherche Google devrait suffire à vous tenir occupé en lecture jusqu’à la fin des temps!

Pour ma part, par pur amusement, je me suis attardé à résoudre ces petits problèmes d’une façon surprenante : le préambule, le premier article, la seconde partie et la dernière partie.

Pour un aperçu des techniques de résolution (autres que la force brute), il y a cette liste.

EinStein würfelt nicht!

Communément appelé EWN, ce petit jeu renforme une quantité de particularités contre-intuitives. Autre difficulté, l’aspect probabiliste qui vient tout brouiller les cartes!

Vous pouvez y jouer sur le site de jeux Little Golem si ça vous intéresse.  Pour ma part, je planche sur quelques idées de stratégies que j’entends bien tester avec un programme bientôt.

Ruzzle

Un petit jeu tout simple!  Et pourtant!

J’ai commencé à étudier de plus près le ruzzle comme en témoigne cet article et celui-ci.

Comme je n’ai toujours pas trouvé de grille meilleure que celle de M. Müller, ma quête se poursuit! Des nouvelles pour très bientôt!

 

Comment presser un citron (troisième partie)

1. Un problème n’arrive jamais seul

Dans la deuxième partie de cet article (le premier article étant ici), nous nous sommes laissés sur un exemple extrême (i.e. une grille avec des lignes et des colonnes vides) afin de vérifier la validité et l’efficacité de la solution présentée dans un des pires scénarios envisageable :

Avant même de débuter, rappelez-vous qu’il est primordial d’exécuter la commande suivante dans votre session pour éviter d’avoir à attendre une éternité, que ce soit pour la requête SQL ou pour un EXPLAIN!

set @@optimizer_search_depth = 3;

Qu’arriverait-il si nous avions à solutionner un sudoku contenant à la fois des lignes et des colonnes vides, comme dans l’exemple ci-haut avec la requête suivante:

SELECT *
FROM sudoku_combined_view
WHERE
(r2c2 = 3) AND (r2c3 = 4) AND (r2c4 = 8) AND (r2c5 = 2) AND
(r2c6 = 5) AND (r2c7 = 6) AND (r2c8 = 9) AND (r3c2 = 5) AND
(r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c4 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 4) AND
(r3c7 = 1) AND (r3c8 = 8) AND (r4c2 = 9) AND (r4c3 = 7) AND
(r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c5 = 8) AND (r4c6 = 2) AND (r4c7 = 5) AND
(r4c8 = 6) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c3 = 1) AND (r6c4 = 4) AND
(r6c5 = 7) AND (r6c6 = 6) AND (r6c7 = 2) AND (r6c8 = 3) AND
(r7c2 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 5) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r7c5 = 4) AND
(r7c6 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 9) AND (r7c8 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 7) AND
(r8c3 = 6) AND (r8c4 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 3) AND (r8c6 = 8) AND
(r8c7 = 4) AND (r8c8 = 2);

Examinons le résultat du EXPLAIN pour la grille en question:

+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type        | possible_keys                                                                                                                                      | key         | key_len | ref                           | rows | Extra                                                    |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col3  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i38,i48 | 2,2,2   | NULL                          |   64 | Using intersect(i23,i38,i48); Using where                |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r2    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i58     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i58); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r3    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i78,i56     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i78,i56); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r4    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i38,i46     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i38,i46); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r6    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i67     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i67); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r7    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i38,i56     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i38,i56); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r8    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i68     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i68); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col2  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i68     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i68); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col4  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i78,i46     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i78,i46); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col5  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i68     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i68); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col6  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i67     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i67); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col7  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i68     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i68); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col8  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i37,i24     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i37,i24); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col1  | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23         | 2       | sudoku.r2.c1,sudoku.r3.c1     | 5040 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r1    | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12         | 2       | sudoku.col1.c1,sudoku.col2.c1 | 5040 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r5    | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12         | 2       | sudoku.col1.c5,sudoku.col2.c5 | 5040 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r9    | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12         | 2       | sudoku.col1.c9,sudoku.col2.c9 | 5040 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col9  | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12         | 2       | sudoku.r1.c9,sudoku.r2.c9     | 5040 | Using where                                              |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------+
18 rows in set (0.20 sec)

À première vue, tout semble correct! Aucun table scan et les indexes sont utilisés pour chaque colonne et chaque rangée non vide!

Et en combien de temps MySQL peut-il « solutionner » cette grille ?

Fantastique!  1.5 seconde!  Tout est réglé!  Malheureusement, non…

2. Le pire scénario possible

Il existe une catégorie de sudokus que nombre de mathématiciens et d’informaticiens étudient depuis des années : ces grilles minimales n’ont seulement que 17 révélés, le minimum théorique (une conjecture encore non prouvée de façon mathématique par Gary McGuire, Bastian Tugemann et Gilles Civario, un autre intéressant article ici) pouvant mener à une solution unique.  Plusieurs de ces grilles spéciales (17 révélés) sont depuis des années compilées par Gordon Royle, professeur à l’université d’Australie Occidentale.

Comme celle-ci :

Vous remarquerez que cette grille ne contient aucune ligne ni aucune colonne vide! Essayons donc de voir en combien de temps MySQL pourra résoudre celle-ci :

mysql> SELECT *
 -> FROM sudoku_combined_view
 -> WHERE
 -> (r1c8 = 1) AND
 -> (r2c1 = 4) AND
 -> (r3c2 = 2) AND
 -> (r4c5 = 5) AND
 -> (r4c7 = 4) AND
 -> (r4c9 = 7) AND
 -> (r5c3 = 8) AND
 -> (r5c7 = 3) AND
 -> (r6c3 = 1) AND
 -> (r6c5 = 9) AND
 -> (r7c1 = 3) AND
 -> (r7c4 = 4) AND
 -> (r7c7 = 2) AND
 -> (r8c2 = 5) AND
 -> (r8c4 = 1) AND
 -> (r9c4 = 8) AND
 -> (r9c6 = 6);
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| r1c1 | r1c2 | r1c3 | r1c4 | r1c5 | r1c6 | r1c7 | r1c8 | r1c9 | r2c1 | r2c2 | r2c3 | r2c4 | r2c5 | r2c6 | r2c7 | r2c8 | r2c9 | r3c1 | r3c2 | r3c3 | r3c4 | r3c5 | r3c6 | r3c7 | r3c8 | r3c9 | r4c1 | r4c2 | r4c3 | r4c4 | r4c5 | r4c6 | r4c7 | r4c8 | r4c9 | r5c1 | r5c2 | r5c3 | r5c4 | r5c5 | r5c6 | r5c7 | r5c8 | r5c9 | r6c1 | r6c2 | r6c3 | r6c4 | r6c5 | r6c6 | r6c7 | r6c8 | r6c9 | r7c1 | r7c2 | r7c3 | r7c4 | r7c5 | r7c6 | r7c7 | r7c8 | r7c9 | r8c1 | r8c2 | r8c3 | r8c4 | r8c5 | r8c6 | r8c7 | r8c8 | r8c9 | r9c1 | r9c2 | r9c3 | r9c4 | r9c5 | r9c6 | r9c7 | r9c8 | r9c9 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|   6  |   9  |   3  |   7  |   8  |   4  |   5  |   1  |   2  |   4  |   8  |   7  |   5  |   1  |   2  |   9  |   3  |   6  |   1  |   2  |   5  |   9  |   6  |   3  |   8  |   7  |   4  |   9  |   3  |   2  |   6  |   5  |   1  |   4  |   8  |   7  |   5  |   6  |   8  |   2  |   4  |   7  |   3  |   9  |   1  |   7  |   4  |   1  |   3  |   9  |   8  |   6  |   2  |   5  |   3  |   1  |   9  |   4  |   7  |   5  |   2  |   6  |   8  |   8  |   5  |   6  |   1  |   2  |   9  |   7  |   4  |   3  |   2  |   7  |   4  |   8  |   3  |   6  |   1  |   5  |   9  |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
1 row in set (2 min 20.83 sec)

Ouch!  Je ne suis pas arrivé à descendre sour la barre des 40 secondes malgré mes tentatives répétées et ce, sur différents serveurs avec différentes configurations (et même différentes autres grilles de 17 révélés). Les résultats pour solutionner cette grille vont de près de 40 secondes à plus de 33 minutes. Le résultat du EXPLAIN parle par lui-même :

+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type        | possible_keys                                                                                                                                      | key     | key_len | ref                           | rows | Extra                                                    |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r4    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i57,i59 | 2,2     | NULL                          |  624 | Using intersect(i57,i59); Using where                    |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r7    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i14,i47 | 2,2     | NULL                          |  624 | Using intersect(i14,i47); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col4  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i78,i89 | 2,2     | NULL                          |  624 | Using intersect(i78,i89); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col7  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i45,i47 | 2,2     | NULL                          |  624 | Using intersect(i45,i47); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r8    | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i24     | 2       | const,const                   | 5000 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r9    | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i46     | 2       | const,const                   | 5001 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col1  | range       | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i27     | 2       | NULL                          | 5000 | Using where; Using join buffer                           |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r5    | range       | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i37     | 2       | NULL                          | 5001 | Using where; Using join buffer                           |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r6    | range       | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i35     | 2       | NULL                          | 5001 | Using where; Using join buffer                           |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col3  | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i45     | 2       | sudoku.r4.c3,const            | 5040 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col2  | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i34     | 2       | const,sudoku.r4.c2            | 5040 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r2    | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12     | 2       | const,sudoku.col2.c2          | 5040 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col5  | range       | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i46     | 2       | NULL                          | 5001 | Using where; Using join buffer                           |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r3    | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12     | 2       | sudoku.col1.c3,const          | 5040 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col8  | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12     | 2       | const,sudoku.r2.c8            | 5040 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r1    | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12     | 2       | sudoku.col1.c1,sudoku.col2.c1 | 5040 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col9  | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12     | 2       | sudoku.r1.c9,sudoku.r2.c9     | 5040 | Using where                                              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col6  | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12     | 2       | sudoku.r1.c6,sudoku.r2.c6     | 5040 | Using where                                              |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------+
18 rows in set (2.59 sec)

Observez la colonne rows dans le résultat du EXPLAIN pour comprendre le nombre astronomique de jointures possibles que MySQL aura à effectuer et à tester…  Dans la très grande majorité des cas, ce chiffre est supérieur à 5000!

Il devient maintenant évident que notre solution ne tient plus la route…

3. Ne pas céder au découragement!

Il existe bon nombre d’autres possibilités d’optimisations que nous n’avons toujours pas envisagées.  Par exemple, dans certains cas il pourrait être avantageux de chercher par boîtes (carré de 3×3 dans le sudoku).  Certaines grilles de 17 révélés pourraient grandement en bénéficier mais il nous faudrait alors joindre 27 tables!  Ce qui est gagné d’un côté est perdu de l’autre.

Nous pourrions également créer des partitions mais dans ce cas, quelles seraient les chances qu’une colonne ou une rangée contienne la donnée permettant de discriminer et de choisir la partition requise?

Nous pourrions augmenter la taille de l’index pour passer de 2 colones à 3 mais l’impact de cette mesure serait inutile pour les grilles de 17 révélés.

Qu’arriverait-il si nous passions du format de table MyISAM à InnoDb ?  Absolument rien, le problème demeure entier : MySQL n’est pas assez rapide pour lire les données (ou les indexes) sur disque puis les joindre efficacement dans un cas aussi extrême.

L’idée à la base de cette série d’article était d’arriver à solutionner un sudoku valide en n’utilisant que du SQL.  Un sudoku valide, par définition, a une seule solution.  Nous aurions pu ajouter LIMIT 1 à chacune de nos vues mais hélas, ce faisant, nos vues seraient contraintes d’utiliser l’algorithme TEMPTABLE au lieu de MERGE, ce qui serait catastrophique!

Évidemment, quelques autres astuces existent, comme augmenter la taille des variables key_buffer_size et join_buffer_size, diminuer la valeur du optimizer_search_depth, etc.  Évidemment dans le cas des 2 premières variables, je ne peux rien vous suggérer comme ces paramètres dépendent de la mémoire RAM disponible sur votre machine, le système d’exploitation utilisé, etc.  Quant à la valeur de la variable optimizer_search_depth, diminuer celle-ci n’aura pas d’impact significatif comme le problème réside dans la lenteur des accès au disque dur et au nombre effarant de jointures et de rangées à examnier (et à retrouver puis lire).

4. Éplucher toutes les options

Il existe un type de table, MEMORY, en MySQL qui nous permettrait d’éviter d’avoir à lire les données (ou les indexes) sur disque, ce qui pourrait avoir un impact majeur dans notre cas.  Nous allons donc créer cette table en mémoire et la remplir tout en créant les indexes nécessaires (exactement les mêmes vues et indexes que la table de format MyISAM).

Mais avant de procéder, prenez bien soin de vous assurez que la variable max_heap_table_size soit supérieure à 216Mb ( 226492416) sinon vous vous heurterez à une tonne d’erreurs 1114 (table full).  Si ce n’est pas le cas, vous pouvez fixer la valeur de cette variable à 216Mb comme suit :

set @@max_heap_table_size =  226492416;

Une fois cette précaution prise, construisez la table et les indexes nécessaires comme suit:

USE sudoku;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS positions_memory;
CREATE TABLE positions_memory (
 c1 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
 c2 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
 c3 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
 c4 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
 c5 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
 c6 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
 c7 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
 c8 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
 c9 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MEMORY;

INSERT INTO positions_memory (c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9)
SELECT c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9 FROM positions;

CREATE INDEX i12 ON positions_memory(c1, c2) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i13 ON positions_memory(c1, c3) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i14 ON positions_memory(c1, c4) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i15 ON positions_memory(c1, c5) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i16 ON positions_memory(c1, c6) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i17 ON positions_memory(c1, c7) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i18 ON positions_memory(c1, c8) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i19 ON positions_memory(c1, c9) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i23 ON positions_memory(c2, c3) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i24 ON positions_memory(c2, c4) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i25 ON positions_memory(c2, c5) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i26 ON positions_memory(c2, c6) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i27 ON positions_memory(c2, c7) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i28 ON positions_memory(c2, c8) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i29 ON positions_memory(c2, c9) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i34 ON positions_memory(c3, c4) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i35 ON positions_memory(c3, c5) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i36 ON positions_memory(c3, c6) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i37 ON positions_memory(c3, c7) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i38 ON positions_memory(c3, c8) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i39 ON positions_memory(c3, c9) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i45 ON positions_memory(c4, c5) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i46 ON positions_memory(c4, c6) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i47 ON positions_memory(c4, c7) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i48 ON positions_memory(c4, c8) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i49 ON positions_memory(c4, c9) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i56 ON positions_memory(c5, c6) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i57 ON positions_memory(c5, c7) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i58 ON positions_memory(c5, c8) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i59 ON positions_memory(c5, c9) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i67 ON positions_memory(c6, c7) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i68 ON positions_memory(c6, c8) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i69 ON positions_memory(c6, c9) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i78 ON positions_memory(c7, c8) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i79 ON positions_memory(c7, c9) USING HASH; CREATE INDEX i89 ON positions_memory(c8, c9) USING HASH;
CREATE INDEX i9 ON positions_memory(c9) USING HASH;

Maintenant, il s’agit de recréer les trois mêmes vues que nous avons créées pour le type de table MYISAM mais pour notre nouvelle table.

En premier lieu, la vue sur les rangées.

USE sudoku;

DROP VIEW IF EXISTS sudoku_memory_rows_view;
CREATE VIEW sudoku_memory_rows_view AS
SELECT
r1.c1 as r1c1, r1.c2 as r1c2, r1.c3 as r1c3, r1.c4 as r1c4, r1.c5 as r1c5, r1.c6 as r1c6, r1.c7 as r1c7, r1.c8 as r1c8, r1.c9 as r1c9, r2.c1 as r2c1,
r2.c2 as r2c2, r2.c3 as r2c3, r2.c4 as r2c4, r2.c5 as r2c5, r2.c6 as r2c6, r2.c7 as r2c7, r2.c8 as r2c8, r2.c9 as r2c9, r3.c1 as r3c1, r3.c2 as r3c2,
r3.c3 as r3c3, r3.c4 as r3c4, r3.c5 as r3c5, r3.c6 as r3c6, r3.c7 as r3c7, r3.c8 as r3c8, r3.c9 as r3c9, r4.c1 as r4c1, r4.c2 as r4c2, r4.c3 as r4c3,
r4.c4 as r4c4, r4.c5 as r4c5, r4.c6 as r4c6, r4.c7 as r4c7, r4.c8 as r4c8, r4.c9 as r4c9, r5.c1 as r5c1, r5.c2 as r5c2, r5.c3 as r5c3, r5.c4 as r5c4,
r5.c5 as r5c5, r5.c6 as r5c6, r5.c7 as r5c7, r5.c8 as r5c8, r5.c9 as r5c9, r6.c1 as r6c1, r6.c2 as r6c2, r6.c3 as r6c3, r6.c4 as r6c4, r6.c5 as r6c5,
r6.c6 as r6c6, r6.c7 as r6c7, r6.c8 as r6c8, r6.c9 as r6c9, r7.c1 as r7c1, r7.c2 as r7c2, r7.c3 as r7c3, r7.c4 as r7c4, r7.c5 as r7c5, r7.c6 as r7c6,
r7.c7 as r7c7, r7.c8 as r7c8, r7.c9 as r7c9, r8.c1 as r8c1, r8.c2 as r8c2, r8.c3 as r8c3, r8.c4 as r8c4, r8.c5 as r8c5, r8.c6 as r8c6, r8.c7 as r8c7,
r8.c8 as r8c8, r8.c9 as r8c9, r9.c1 as r9c1, r9.c2 as r9c2, r9.c3 as r9c3, r9.c4 as r9c4, r9.c5 as r9c5, r9.c6 as r9c6, r9.c7 as r9c7, r9.c8 as r9c8,
r9.c9 as r9c9

FROM
positions_memory r1, positions_memory r2, positions_memory r3,
positions_memory r4, positions_memory r5, positions_memory r6,
positions_memory r7, positions_memory r8, positions_memory r9

WHERE
-- Nombres uniques dans chaque colonne
(r1.c1 <> r2.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r3.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r4.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r5.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r6.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r7.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r1.c2 <> r2.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r3.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r4.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r5.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r6.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r7.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r9.c2) AND
(r1.c3 <> r2.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r3.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r4.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r5.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r6.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r1.c4 <> r2.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r3.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r4.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r5.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r6.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r8.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r9.c4) AND
(r1.c5 <> r2.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r3.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r4.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r5.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r6.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r1.c6 <> r2.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r3.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r4.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r5.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r6.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r7.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r9.c6) AND
(r1.c7 <> r2.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r3.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r4.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r5.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r6.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r1.c8 <> r2.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r3.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r4.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r5.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r6.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r9.c8) AND
(r1.c9 <> r2.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r3.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r4.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r5.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r6.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r2.c1 <> r3.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r4.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r5.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r6.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r7.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r2.c2 <> r3.c2) AND
(r2.c2 <> r4.c2) AND (r2.c2 <> r5.c2) AND (r2.c2 <> r6.c2) AND (r2.c2 <> r7.c2) AND (r2.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r2.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r2.c3 <> r3.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r4.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r5.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r6.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r2.c4 <> r3.c4) AND (r2.c4 <> r4.c4) AND (r2.c4 <> r5.c4) AND
(r2.c4 <> r6.c4) AND (r2.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r2.c4 <> r8.c4) AND (r2.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r2.c5 <> r3.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r4.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r5.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r6.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r2.c6 <> r3.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r4.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r5.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r6.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r7.c6) AND
(r2.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r2.c7 <> r3.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r4.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r5.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r6.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r2.c8 <> r3.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r4.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r5.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r6.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r9.c8) AND
(r2.c9 <> r3.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r4.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r5.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r6.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r3.c1 <> r4.c1) AND (r3.c1 <> r5.c1) AND (r3.c1 <> r6.c1) AND (r3.c1 <> r7.c1) AND (r3.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r3.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r3.c2 <> r4.c2) AND (r3.c2 <> r5.c2) AND (r3.c2 <> r6.c2) AND
(r3.c2 <> r7.c2) AND (r3.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r3.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r3.c3 <> r4.c3) AND (r3.c3 <> r5.c3) AND (r3.c3 <> r6.c3) AND (r3.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r3.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r3.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r3.c4 <> r4.c4) AND (r3.c4 <> r5.c4) AND (r3.c4 <> r6.c4) AND (r3.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r3.c4 <> r8.c4) AND (r3.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r3.c5 <> r4.c5) AND
(r3.c5 <> r5.c5) AND (r3.c5 <> r6.c5) AND (r3.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r3.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r3.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r3.c6 <> r4.c6) AND (r3.c6 <> r5.c6) AND (r3.c6 <> r6.c6) AND (r3.c6 <> r7.c6) AND (r3.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r3.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r3.c7 <> r4.c7) AND (r3.c7 <> r5.c7) AND (r3.c7 <> r6.c7) AND (r3.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r3.c7 <> r8.c7) AND
(r3.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r3.c8 <> r4.c8) AND (r3.c8 <> r5.c8) AND (r3.c8 <> r6.c8) AND (r3.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r3.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r3.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r3.c9 <> r4.c9) AND (r3.c9 <> r5.c9) AND (r3.c9 <> r6.c9) AND (r3.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r3.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r3.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r4.c1 <> r5.c1) AND (r4.c1 <> r6.c1) AND (r4.c1 <> r7.c1) AND
(r4.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r4.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r4.c2 <> r5.c2) AND (r4.c2 <> r6.c2) AND (r4.c2 <> r7.c2) AND (r4.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r4.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r4.c3 <> r5.c3) AND (r4.c3 <> r6.c3) AND (r4.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r4.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r4.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r4.c4 <> r5.c4) AND (r4.c4 <> r6.c4) AND (r4.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r4.c4 <> r8.c4) AND
(r4.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r4.c5 <> r5.c5) AND (r4.c5 <> r6.c5) AND (r4.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r4.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r4.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r4.c6 <> r5.c6) AND (r4.c6 <> r6.c6) AND (r4.c6 <> r7.c6) AND (r4.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r4.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r4.c7 <> r5.c7) AND (r4.c7 <> r6.c7) AND (r4.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r4.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r4.c7 <> r9.c7) AND
(r4.c8 <> r5.c8) AND (r4.c8 <> r6.c8) AND (r4.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r4.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r4.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r4.c9 <> r5.c9) AND (r4.c9 <> r6.c9) AND (r4.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r4.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r4.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r5.c1 <> r6.c1) AND (r5.c1 <> r7.c1) AND (r5.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r5.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r5.c2 <> r6.c2) AND (r5.c2 <> r7.c2) AND
(r5.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r5.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r5.c3 <> r6.c3) AND (r5.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r5.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r5.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r5.c4 <> r6.c4) AND (r5.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r5.c4 <> r8.c4) AND (r5.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r5.c5 <> r6.c5) AND (r5.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r5.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r5.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r5.c6 <> r6.c6) AND (r5.c6 <> r7.c6) AND
(r5.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r5.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r5.c7 <> r6.c7) AND (r5.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r5.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r5.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r5.c8 <> r6.c8) AND (r5.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r5.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r5.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r5.c9 <> r6.c9) AND (r5.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r5.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r5.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r6.c1 <> r7.c1) AND (r6.c1 <> r8.c1) AND
(r6.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r6.c2 <> r7.c2) AND (r6.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r6.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r6.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r6.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r6.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r6.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r6.c4 <> r8.c4) AND (r6.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r6.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r6.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r6.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r6.c6 <> r7.c6) AND (r6.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r6.c6 <> r9.c6) AND
(r6.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r6.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r6.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r6.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r6.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r6.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r6.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r6.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r6.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r7.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r7.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r7.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r7.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r7.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r7.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r7.c4 <> r8.c4) AND
(r7.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r7.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r7.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r7.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r7.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r7.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r7.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r7.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r7.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r7.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r7.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r8.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r8.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r8.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r8.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r8.c5 <> r9.c5) AND
(r8.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r8.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r8.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r8.c9 <> r9.c9) AND
-- Nombres uniques dans chaque maison de 3x3
(r1.c1 <> r2.c2) AND (r1.c1 <> r2.c3) AND (r1.c1 <> r3.c2) AND (r1.c1 <> r3.c3) AND (r1.c2 <> r2.c1) AND (r1.c2 <> r2.c3) AND (r1.c2 <> r3.c1) AND (r1.c2 <> r3.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r2.c1) AND (r1.c3 <> r2.c2) AND (r1.c3 <> r3.c1) AND (r1.c3 <> r3.c2) AND (r1.c4 <> r2.c5) AND (r1.c4 <> r2.c6) AND (r1.c4 <> r3.c5) AND (r1.c4 <> r3.c6) AND
(r1.c5 <> r2.c4) AND (r1.c5 <> r2.c6) AND (r1.c5 <> r3.c4) AND (r1.c5 <> r3.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r2.c4) AND (r1.c6 <> r2.c5) AND (r1.c6 <> r3.c4) AND (r1.c6 <> r3.c5) AND (r1.c7 <> r2.c8) AND (r1.c7 <> r2.c9) AND (r1.c7 <> r3.c8) AND (r1.c7 <> r3.c9) AND (r1.c8 <> r2.c7) AND (r1.c8 <> r2.c9) AND (r1.c8 <> r3.c7) AND (r1.c8 <> r3.c9) AND
(r1.c9 <> r2.c7) AND (r1.c9 <> r2.c8) AND (r1.c9 <> r3.c7) AND (r1.c9 <> r3.c8) AND (r2.c1 <> r3.c2) AND (r2.c1 <> r3.c3) AND (r2.c2 <> r3.c1) AND (r2.c2 <> r3.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r3.c1) AND (r2.c3 <> r3.c2) AND (r2.c4 <> r3.c5) AND (r2.c4 <> r3.c6) AND (r2.c5 <> r3.c4) AND (r2.c5 <> r3.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r3.c4) AND (r2.c6 <> r3.c5) AND
(r2.c7 <> r3.c8) AND (r2.c7 <> r3.c9) AND (r2.c8 <> r3.c7) AND (r2.c8 <> r3.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r3.c7) AND (r2.c9 <> r3.c8) AND (r4.c1 <> r5.c2) AND (r4.c1 <> r5.c3) AND (r4.c1 <> r6.c2) AND (r4.c1 <> r6.c3) AND (r4.c2 <> r5.c1) AND (r4.c2 <> r5.c3) AND (r4.c2 <> r6.c1) AND (r4.c2 <> r6.c3) AND (r4.c3 <> r5.c1) AND (r4.c3 <> r5.c2) AND
(r4.c3 <> r6.c1) AND (r4.c3 <> r6.c2) AND (r4.c4 <> r5.c5) AND (r4.c4 <> r5.c6) AND (r4.c4 <> r6.c5) AND (r4.c4 <> r6.c6) AND (r4.c5 <> r5.c4) AND (r4.c5 <> r5.c6) AND (r4.c5 <> r6.c4) AND (r4.c5 <> r6.c6) AND (r4.c6 <> r5.c4) AND (r4.c6 <> r5.c5) AND (r4.c6 <> r6.c4) AND (r4.c6 <> r6.c5) AND (r4.c7 <> r5.c8) AND (r4.c7 <> r5.c9) AND
(r4.c7 <> r6.c8) AND (r4.c7 <> r6.c9) AND (r4.c8 <> r5.c7) AND (r4.c8 <> r5.c9) AND (r4.c8 <> r6.c7) AND (r4.c8 <> r6.c9) AND (r4.c9 <> r5.c7) AND (r4.c9 <> r5.c8) AND (r4.c9 <> r6.c7) AND (r4.c9 <> r6.c8) AND (r5.c1 <> r6.c2) AND (r5.c1 <> r6.c3) AND (r5.c2 <> r6.c1) AND (r5.c2 <> r6.c3) AND (r5.c3 <> r6.c1) AND (r5.c3 <> r6.c2) AND
(r5.c4 <> r6.c5) AND (r5.c4 <> r6.c6) AND (r5.c5 <> r6.c4) AND (r5.c5 <> r6.c6) AND (r5.c6 <> r6.c4) AND (r5.c6 <> r6.c5) AND (r5.c7 <> r6.c8) AND (r5.c7 <> r6.c9) AND (r5.c8 <> r6.c7) AND (r5.c8 <> r6.c9) AND (r5.c9 <> r6.c7) AND (r5.c9 <> r6.c8) AND (r7.c1 <> r8.c2) AND (r7.c1 <> r8.c3) AND (r7.c1 <> r9.c2) AND (r7.c1 <> r9.c3) AND
(r7.c2 <> r8.c1) AND (r7.c2 <> r8.c3) AND (r7.c2 <> r9.c1) AND (r7.c2 <> r9.c3) AND (r7.c3 <> r8.c1) AND (r7.c3 <> r8.c2) AND (r7.c3 <> r9.c1) AND (r7.c3 <> r9.c2) AND (r7.c4 <> r8.c5) AND (r7.c4 <> r8.c6) AND (r7.c4 <> r9.c5) AND (r7.c4 <> r9.c6) AND (r7.c5 <> r8.c4) AND (r7.c5 <> r8.c6) AND (r7.c5 <> r9.c4) AND (r7.c5 <> r9.c6) AND
(r7.c6 <> r8.c4) AND (r7.c6 <> r8.c5) AND (r7.c6 <> r9.c4) AND (r7.c6 <> r9.c5) AND (r7.c7 <> r8.c8) AND (r7.c7 <> r8.c9) AND (r7.c7 <> r9.c8) AND (r7.c7 <> r9.c9) AND (r7.c8 <> r8.c7) AND (r7.c8 <> r8.c9) AND (r7.c8 <> r9.c7) AND (r7.c8 <> r9.c9) AND (r7.c9 <> r8.c7) AND (r7.c9 <> r8.c8) AND (r7.c9 <> r9.c7) AND (r7.c9 <> r9.c8) AND
(r8.c1 <> r9.c2) AND (r8.c1 <> r9.c3) AND (r8.c2 <> r9.c1) AND (r8.c2 <> r9.c3) AND (r8.c3 <> r9.c1) AND (r8.c3 <> r9.c2) AND (r8.c4 <> r9.c5) AND (r8.c4 <> r9.c6) AND (r8.c5 <> r9.c4) AND (r8.c5 <> r9.c6) AND (r8.c6 <> r9.c4) AND (r8.c6 <> r9.c5) AND (r8.c7 <> r9.c8) AND (r8.c7 <> r9.c9) AND (r8.c8 <> r9.c7) AND (r8.c8 <> r9.c9) AND
(r8.c9 <> r9.c7) AND (r8.c9 <> r9.c8);

En second lieu, la vue sur les colonnes.

USE sudoku;

DROP VIEW IF EXISTS sudoku_memory_columns_view;
CREATE VIEW sudoku_memory_columns_view AS
SELECT
col1.c1 as r1c1, col1.c2 as r2c1, col1.c3 as r3c1, col1.c4 as r4c1, col1.c5 as r5c1,col1.c6 as r6c1, col1.c7 as r7c1, col1.c8 as r8c1, col1.c9 as r9c1, col2.c1 as r1c2,
col2.c2 as r2c2, col2.c3 as r3c2, col2.c4 as r4c2, col2.c5 as r5c2, col2.c6 as r6c2,col2.c7 as r7c2, col2.c8 as r8c2, col2.c9 as r9c2, col3.c1 as r1c3, col3.c2 as r2c3,
col3.c3 as r3c3, col3.c4 as r4c3, col3.c5 as r5c3, col3.c6 as r6c3, col3.c7 as r7c3,col3.c8 as r8c3, col3.c9 as r9c3, col4.c1 as r1c4, col4.c2 as r2c4, col4.c3 as r3c4,
col4.c4 as r4c4, col4.c5 as r5c4, col4.c6 as r6c4, col4.c7 as r7c4, col4.c8 as r8c4,col4.c9 as r9c4, col5.c1 as r1c5, col5.c2 as r2c5, col5.c3 as r3c5, col5.c4 as r4c5,
col5.c5 as r5c5, col5.c6 as r6c5, col5.c7 as r7c5, col5.c8 as r8c5, col5.c9 as r9c5,col6.c1 as r1c6, col6.c2 as r2c6, col6.c3 as r3c6, col6.c4 as r4c6, col6.c5 as r5c6,
col6.c6 as r6c6, col6.c7 as r7c6, col6.c8 as r8c6, col6.c9 as r9c6, col7.c1 as r1c7,col7.c2 as r2c7, col7.c3 as r3c7, col7.c4 as r4c7, col7.c5 as r5c7, col7.c6 as r6c7,
col7.c7 as r7c7, col7.c8 as r8c7, col7.c9 as r9c7, col8.c1 as r1c8, col8.c2 as r2c8,col8.c3 as r3c8, col8.c4 as r4c8, col8.c5 as r5c8, col8.c6 as r6c8, col8.c7 as r7c8,
col8.c8 as r8c8, col8.c9 as r9c8, col9.c1 as r1c9, col9.c2 as r2c9, col9.c3 as r3c9,col9.c4 as r4c9, col9.c5 as r5c9, col9.c6 as r6c9, col9.c7 as r7c9, col9.c8 as r8c9,
col9.c9 as r9c9
FROM
positions_memory col1, positions_memory col2, positions_memory col3, positions_memory col4,
positions_memory col5, positions_memory col6, positions_memory col7, positions_memory col8, positions_memory col9
WHERE
-- Nombres uniques dans chaque rangee
(col1.c1 <> col2.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col3.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col4.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col5.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col6.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col7.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col1.c2 <> col2.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col3.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col4.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col5.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col6.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col1.c3 <> col2.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col3.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col4.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col5.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col6.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col1.c4 <> col2.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col3.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col4.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col5.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col6.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col9.c4) AND
(col1.c5 <> col2.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col3.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col4.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col5.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col6.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col1.c6 <> col2.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col3.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col4.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col5.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col6.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col7.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col1.c7 <> col2.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col3.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col4.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col5.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col6.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col1.c8 <> col2.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col3.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col4.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col5.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col6.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col9.c8) AND
(col1.c9 <> col2.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col3.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col4.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col5.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col6.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col2.c1 <> col3.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col4.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col5.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col6.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col7.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col2.c2 <> col3.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col4.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col5.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col6.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col2.c3 <> col3.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col4.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col5.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col6.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col2.c4 <> col3.c4) AND (col2.c4 <> col4.c4) AND (col2.c4 <> col5.c4) AND
(col2.c4 <> col6.c4) AND (col2.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col2.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col2.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col2.c5 <> col3.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col4.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col5.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col6.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col2.c6 <> col3.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col4.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col5.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col6.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col7.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col2.c7 <> col3.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col4.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col5.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col6.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col2.c8 <> col3.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col4.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col5.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col6.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col9.c8) AND
(col2.c9 <> col3.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col4.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col5.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col6.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col3.c1 <> col4.c1) AND (col3.c1 <> col5.c1) AND (col3.c1 <> col6.c1) AND (col3.c1 <> col7.c1) AND (col3.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col3.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col3.c2 <> col4.c2) AND (col3.c2 <> col5.c2) AND (col3.c2 <> col6.c2) AND (col3.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col3.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col3.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col3.c3 <> col4.c3) AND (col3.c3 <> col5.c3) AND (col3.c3 <> col6.c3) AND (col3.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col3.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col3.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col3.c4 <> col4.c4) AND (col3.c4 <> col5.c4) AND (col3.c4 <> col6.c4) AND (col3.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col3.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col3.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col3.c5 <> col4.c5) AND
(col3.c5 <> col5.c5) AND (col3.c5 <> col6.c5) AND (col3.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col3.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col3.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col3.c6 <> col4.c6) AND (col3.c6 <> col5.c6) AND (col3.c6 <> col6.c6) AND (col3.c6 <> col7.c6) AND (col3.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col3.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col3.c7 <> col4.c7) AND (col3.c7 <> col5.c7) AND (col3.c7 <> col6.c7) AND (col3.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col3.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col3.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col3.c8 <> col4.c8) AND (col3.c8 <> col5.c8) AND (col3.c8 <> col6.c8) AND (col3.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col3.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col3.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col3.c9 <> col4.c9) AND (col3.c9 <> col5.c9) AND (col3.c9 <> col6.c9) AND (col3.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col3.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col3.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col4.c1 <> col5.c1) AND (col4.c1 <> col6.c1) AND (col4.c1 <> col7.c1) AND
(col4.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col4.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col4.c2 <> col5.c2) AND (col4.c2 <> col6.c2) AND (col4.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col4.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col4.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col4.c3 <> col5.c3) AND (col4.c3 <> col6.c3) AND (col4.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col4.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col4.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col4.c4 <> col5.c4) AND (col4.c4 <> col6.c4) AND (col4.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col4.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col4.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col4.c5 <> col5.c5) AND (col4.c5 <> col6.c5) AND (col4.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col4.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col4.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col4.c6 <> col5.c6) AND (col4.c6 <> col6.c6) AND (col4.c6 <> col7.c6) AND (col4.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col4.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col4.c7 <> col5.c7) AND (col4.c7 <> col6.c7) AND (col4.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col4.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col4.c7 <> col9.c7) AND
(col4.c8 <> col5.c8) AND (col4.c8 <> col6.c8) AND (col4.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col4.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col4.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col4.c9 <> col5.c9) AND (col4.c9 <> col6.c9) AND (col4.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col4.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col4.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col5.c1 <> col6.c1) AND (col5.c1 <> col7.c1) AND (col5.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col5.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col5.c2 <> col6.c2) AND (col5.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col5.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col5.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col5.c3 <> col6.c3) AND (col5.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col5.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col5.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col5.c4 <> col6.c4) AND (col5.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col5.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col5.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col5.c5 <> col6.c5) AND (col5.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col5.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col5.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col5.c6 <> col6.c6) AND (col5.c6 <> col7.c6) AND
(col5.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col5.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col5.c7 <> col6.c7) AND (col5.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col5.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col5.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col5.c8 <> col6.c8) AND (col5.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col5.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col5.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col5.c9 <> col6.c9) AND (col5.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col5.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col5.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col6.c1 <> col7.c1) AND (col6.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col6.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col6.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col6.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col6.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col6.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col6.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col6.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col6.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col6.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col6.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col6.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col6.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col6.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col6.c6 <> col7.c6) AND (col6.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col6.c6 <> col9.c6) AND
(col6.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col6.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col6.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col6.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col6.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col6.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col6.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col6.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col6.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col7.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col7.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col7.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col7.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col7.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col7.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col7.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col7.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col7.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col7.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col7.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col7.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col7.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col7.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col7.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col7.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col7.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col7.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col8.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col8.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col8.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col8.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col8.c5 <> col9.c5) AND
(col8.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col8.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col8.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col8.c9 <> col9.c9) AND
-- Nombres uniques dans chaque maison de 3x3
(col1.c1 <> col1.c2) AND (col1.c1 <> col1.c3) AND (col1.c1 <> col2.c2) AND (col1.c1 <> col2.c3) AND (col1.c1 <> col3.c2) AND (col1.c1 <> col3.c3) AND (col1.c2 <> col1.c3) AND (col1.c2 <> col2.c1) AND (col1.c2 <> col2.c3) AND (col1.c2 <> col3.c1) AND (col1.c2 <> col3.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col2.c1) AND (col1.c3 <> col2.c2) AND (col1.c3 <> col3.c1) AND (col1.c3 <> col3.c2) AND (col1.c4 <> col1.c5) AND (col1.c4 <> col1.c6) AND (col1.c4 <> col2.c5) AND (col1.c4 <> col2.c6) AND (col1.c4 <> col3.c5) AND (col1.c4 <> col3.c6) AND (col1.c5 <> col1.c6) AND (col1.c5 <> col2.c4) AND (col1.c5 <> col2.c6) AND (col1.c5 <> col3.c4) AND (col1.c5 <> col3.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col2.c4) AND (col1.c6 <> col2.c5) AND (col1.c6 <> col3.c4) AND (col1.c6 <> col3.c5) AND (col1.c7 <> col1.c8) AND (col1.c7 <> col1.c9) AND
(col1.c7 <> col2.c8) AND (col1.c7 <> col2.c9) AND (col1.c7 <> col3.c8) AND (col1.c7 <> col3.c9) AND (col1.c8 <> col1.c9) AND (col1.c8 <> col2.c7) AND (col1.c8 <> col2.c9) AND (col1.c8 <> col3.c7) AND (col1.c8 <> col3.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col2.c7) AND (col1.c9 <> col2.c8) AND (col1.c9 <> col3.c7) AND (col1.c9 <> col3.c8) AND (col2.c1 <> col2.c2) AND (col2.c1 <> col2.c3) AND (col2.c1 <> col3.c2) AND (col2.c1 <> col3.c3) AND (col2.c2 <> col2.c3) AND (col2.c2 <> col3.c1) AND (col2.c2 <> col3.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col3.c1) AND (col2.c3 <> col3.c2) AND (col2.c4 <> col2.c5) AND (col2.c4 <> col2.c6) AND (col2.c4 <> col3.c5) AND (col2.c4 <> col3.c6) AND (col2.c5 <> col2.c6) AND (col2.c5 <> col3.c4) AND (col2.c5 <> col3.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col3.c4) AND (col2.c6 <> col3.c5) AND (col2.c7 <> col2.c8) AND
(col2.c7 <> col2.c9) AND (col2.c7 <> col3.c8) AND (col2.c7 <> col3.c9) AND (col2.c8 <> col2.c9) AND (col2.c8 <> col3.c7) AND (col2.c8 <> col3.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col3.c7) AND (col2.c9 <> col3.c8) AND (col3.c1 <> col3.c2) AND (col3.c1 <> col3.c3) AND (col3.c2 <> col3.c3) AND (col3.c4 <> col3.c5) AND (col3.c4 <> col3.c6) AND (col3.c5 <> col3.c6) AND (col3.c7 <> col3.c8) AND (col3.c7 <> col3.c9) AND (col3.c8 <> col3.c9) AND (col4.c1 <> col4.c2) AND (col4.c1 <> col4.c3) AND (col4.c1 <> col5.c2) AND (col4.c1 <> col5.c3) AND (col4.c1 <> col6.c2) AND (col4.c1 <> col6.c3) AND (col4.c2 <> col4.c3) AND (col4.c2 <> col5.c1) AND (col4.c2 <> col5.c3) AND (col4.c2 <> col6.c1) AND (col4.c2 <> col6.c3) AND (col4.c3 <> col5.c1) AND (col4.c3 <> col5.c2) AND (col4.c3 <> col6.c1) AND (col4.c3 <> col6.c2) AND
(col4.c4 <> col4.c5) AND (col4.c4 <> col4.c6) AND (col4.c4 <> col5.c5) AND (col4.c4 <> col5.c6) AND (col4.c4 <> col6.c5) AND (col4.c4 <> col6.c6) AND (col4.c5 <> col4.c6) AND (col4.c5 <> col5.c4) AND (col4.c5 <> col5.c6) AND (col4.c5 <> col6.c4) AND (col4.c5 <> col6.c6) AND (col4.c6 <> col5.c4) AND (col4.c6 <> col5.c5) AND (col4.c6 <> col6.c4) AND (col4.c6 <> col6.c5) AND (col4.c7 <> col4.c8) AND (col4.c7 <> col4.c9) AND (col4.c7 <> col5.c8) AND (col4.c7 <> col5.c9) AND (col4.c7 <> col6.c8) AND (col4.c7 <> col6.c9) AND (col4.c8 <> col4.c9) AND (col4.c8 <> col5.c7) AND (col4.c8 <> col5.c9) AND (col4.c8 <> col6.c7) AND (col4.c8 <> col6.c9) AND (col4.c9 <> col5.c7) AND (col4.c9 <> col5.c8) AND (col4.c9 <> col6.c7) AND (col4.c9 <> col6.c8) AND (col5.c1 <> col5.c2) AND (col5.c1 <> col5.c3) AND
(col5.c1 <> col6.c2) AND (col5.c1 <> col6.c3) AND (col5.c2 <> col5.c3) AND (col5.c2 <> col6.c1) AND (col5.c2 <> col6.c3) AND (col5.c3 <> col6.c1) AND (col5.c3 <> col6.c2) AND (col5.c4 <> col5.c5) AND (col5.c4 <> col5.c6) AND (col5.c4 <> col6.c5) AND (col5.c4 <> col6.c6) AND (col5.c5 <> col5.c6) AND (col5.c5 <> col6.c4) AND (col5.c5 <> col6.c6) AND (col5.c6 <> col6.c4) AND (col5.c6 <> col6.c5) AND (col5.c7 <> col5.c8) AND (col5.c7 <> col5.c9) AND (col5.c7 <> col6.c8) AND (col5.c7 <> col6.c9) AND (col5.c8 <> col5.c9) AND (col5.c8 <> col6.c7) AND (col5.c8 <> col6.c9) AND (col5.c9 <> col6.c7) AND (col5.c9 <> col6.c8) AND (col6.c1 <> col6.c2) AND (col6.c1 <> col6.c3) AND (col6.c2 <> col6.c3) AND (col6.c4 <> col6.c5) AND (col6.c4 <> col6.c6) AND (col6.c5 <> col6.c6) AND (col6.c7 <> col6.c8) AND
(col6.c7 <> col6.c9) AND (col6.c8 <> col6.c9) AND (col7.c1 <> col7.c2) AND (col7.c1 <> col7.c3) AND (col7.c1 <> col8.c2) AND (col7.c1 <> col8.c3) AND (col7.c1 <> col9.c2) AND (col7.c1 <> col9.c3) AND (col7.c2 <> col7.c3) AND (col7.c2 <> col8.c1) AND (col7.c2 <> col8.c3) AND (col7.c2 <> col9.c1) AND (col7.c2 <> col9.c3) AND (col7.c3 <> col8.c1) AND (col7.c3 <> col8.c2) AND (col7.c3 <> col9.c1) AND (col7.c3 <> col9.c2) AND (col7.c4 <> col7.c5) AND (col7.c4 <> col7.c6) AND (col7.c4 <> col8.c5) AND (col7.c4 <> col8.c6) AND (col7.c4 <> col9.c5) AND (col7.c4 <> col9.c6) AND (col7.c5 <> col7.c6) AND (col7.c5 <> col8.c4) AND (col7.c5 <> col8.c6) AND (col7.c5 <> col9.c4) AND (col7.c5 <> col9.c6) AND (col7.c6 <> col8.c4) AND (col7.c6 <> col8.c5) AND (col7.c6 <> col9.c4) AND (col7.c6 <> col9.c5) AND
(col7.c7 <> col7.c8) AND (col7.c7 <> col7.c9) AND (col7.c7 <> col8.c8) AND (col7.c7 <> col8.c9) AND (col7.c7 <> col9.c8) AND (col7.c7 <> col9.c9) AND (col7.c8 <> col7.c9) AND (col7.c8 <> col8.c7) AND (col7.c8 <> col8.c9) AND (col7.c8 <> col9.c7) AND (col7.c8 <> col9.c9) AND (col7.c9 <> col8.c7) AND (col7.c9 <> col8.c8) AND (col7.c9 <> col9.c7) AND (col7.c9 <> col9.c8) AND (col8.c1 <> col8.c2) AND (col8.c1 <> col8.c3) AND (col8.c1 <> col9.c2) AND (col8.c1 <> col9.c3) AND (col8.c2 <> col8.c3) AND (col8.c2 <> col9.c1) AND (col8.c2 <> col9.c3) AND (col8.c3 <> col9.c1) AND (col8.c3 <> col9.c2) AND (col8.c4 <> col8.c5) AND (col8.c4 <> col8.c6) AND (col8.c4 <> col9.c5) AND (col8.c4 <> col9.c6) AND (col8.c5 <> col8.c6) AND (col8.c5 <> col9.c4) AND (col8.c5 <> col9.c6) AND (col8.c6 <> col9.c4) AND
(col8.c6 <> col9.c5) AND (col8.c7 <> col8.c8) AND (col8.c7 <> col8.c9) AND (col8.c7 <> col9.c8) AND (col8.c7 <> col9.c9) AND (col8.c8 <> col8.c9) AND (col8.c8 <> col9.c7) AND (col8.c8 <> col9.c9) AND (col8.c9 <> col9.c7) AND (col8.c9 <> col9.c8) AND (col9.c1 <> col9.c2) AND (col9.c1 <> col9.c3) AND (col9.c2 <> col9.c3) AND (col9.c4 <> col9.c5) AND (col9.c4 <> col9.c6) AND (col9.c5 <> col9.c6) AND (col9.c7 <> col9.c8) AND (col9.c7 <> col9.c9) AND (col9.c8 <> col9.c9);

Finalement, la vue combinée.

USE sudoku;

DROP VIEW IF EXISTS sudoku_memory_combined_view;
CREATE VIEW sudoku_memory_combined_view AS
SELECT t1.*
FROM sudoku_memory_rows_view t1
INNER JOIN sudoku_memory_columns_view t2
ON

-- Jointures entre représentation-colonnes et représentation-rangées
(t1.r1c1 = t2.r1c1) AND (t1.r1c2 = t2.r1c2) AND (t1.r1c3 = t2.r1c3) AND (t1.r1c4 = t2.r1c4) AND
(t1.r1c5 = t2.r1c5) AND (t1.r1c6 = t2.r1c6) AND (t1.r1c7 = t2.r1c7) AND (t1.r1c8 = t2.r1c8) AND
(t1.r1c9 = t2.r1c9) AND (t1.r2c1 = t2.r2c1) AND (t1.r2c2 = t2.r2c2) AND (t1.r2c3 = t2.r2c3) AND
(t1.r2c4 = t2.r2c4) AND (t1.r2c5 = t2.r2c5) AND (t1.r2c6 = t2.r2c6) AND (t1.r2c7 = t2.r2c7) AND
(t1.r2c8 = t2.r2c8) AND (t1.r2c9 = t2.r2c9) AND (t1.r3c1 = t2.r3c1) AND (t1.r3c2 = t2.r3c2) AND
(t1.r3c3 = t2.r3c3) AND (t1.r3c4 = t2.r3c4) AND (t1.r3c5 = t2.r3c5) AND (t1.r3c6 = t2.r3c6) AND
(t1.r3c7 = t2.r3c7) AND (t1.r3c8 = t2.r3c8) AND (t1.r3c9 = t2.r3c9) AND (t1.r4c1 = t2.r4c1) AND
(t1.r4c2 = t2.r4c2) AND (t1.r4c3 = t2.r4c3) AND (t1.r4c4 = t2.r4c4) AND (t1.r4c5 = t2.r4c5) AND
(t1.r4c6 = t2.r4c6) AND (t1.r4c7 = t2.r4c7) AND (t1.r4c8 = t2.r4c8) AND (t1.r4c9 = t2.r4c9) AND
(t1.r5c1 = t2.r5c1) AND (t1.r5c2 = t2.r5c2) AND (t1.r5c3 = t2.r5c3) AND (t1.r5c4 = t2.r5c4) AND
(t1.r5c5 = t2.r5c5) AND (t1.r5c6 = t2.r5c6) AND (t1.r5c7 = t2.r5c7) AND (t1.r5c8 = t2.r5c8) AND
(t1.r5c9 = t2.r5c9) AND (t1.r6c1 = t2.r6c1) AND (t1.r6c2 = t2.r6c2) AND (t1.r6c3 = t2.r6c3) AND
(t1.r6c4 = t2.r6c4) AND (t1.r6c5 = t2.r6c5) AND (t1.r6c6 = t2.r6c6) AND (t1.r6c7 = t2.r6c7) AND
(t1.r6c8 = t2.r6c8) AND (t1.r6c9 = t2.r6c9) AND (t1.r7c1 = t2.r7c1) AND (t1.r7c2 = t2.r7c2) AND
(t1.r7c3 = t2.r7c3) AND (t1.r7c4 = t2.r7c4) AND (t1.r7c5 = t2.r7c5) AND (t1.r7c6 = t2.r7c6) AND
(t1.r7c7 = t2.r7c7) AND (t1.r7c8 = t2.r7c8) AND (t1.r7c9 = t2.r7c9) AND (t1.r8c1 = t2.r8c1) AND
(t1.r8c2 = t2.r8c2) AND (t1.r8c3 = t2.r8c3) AND (t1.r8c4 = t2.r8c4) AND (t1.r8c5 = t2.r8c5) AND
(t1.r8c6 = t2.r8c6) AND (t1.r8c7 = t2.r8c7) AND (t1.r8c8 = t2.r8c8) AND (t1.r8c9 = t2.r8c9) AND
(t1.r9c1 = t2.r9c1) AND (t1.r9c2 = t2.r9c2) AND (t1.r9c3 = t2.r9c3) AND (t1.r9c4 = t2.r9c4) AND
(t1.r9c5 = t2.r9c5) AND (t1.r9c6 = t2.r9c6) AND (t1.r9c7 = t2.r9c7) AND (t1.r9c8 = t2.r9c8) AND
(t1.r9c9 = t2.r9c9);

Réessayons l’exemple du début de cet article pour comparer :

mysql> SELECT *
 -> FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view
 -> WHERE
 -> (r2c2 = 3) AND (r2c3 = 4) AND (r2c4 = 8) AND (r2c5 = 2) AND
 -> (r2c6 = 5) AND (r2c7 = 6) AND (r2c8 = 9) AND (r3c2 = 5) AND
 -> (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c4 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 4) AND
 -> (r3c7 = 1) AND (r3c8 = 8) AND (r4c2 = 9) AND (r4c3 = 7) AND
 -> (r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c5 = 8) AND (r4c6 = 2) AND (r4c7 = 5) AND
 -> (r4c8 = 6) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c3 = 1) AND (r6c4 = 4) AND
 -> (r6c5 = 7) AND (r6c6 = 6) AND (r6c7 = 2) AND (r6c8 = 3) AND
 -> (r7c2 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 5) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r7c5 = 4) AND
 -> (r7c6 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 9) AND (r7c8 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 7) AND
 -> (r8c3 = 6) AND (r8c4 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 3) AND (r8c6 = 8) AND
 -> (r8c7 = 4) AND (r8c8 = 2);
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| r1c1 | r1c2 | r1c3 | r1c4 | r1c5 | r1c6 | r1c7 | r1c8 | r1c9 | r2c1 | r2c2 | r2c3 | r2c4 | r2c5 | r2c6 | r2c7 | r2c8 | r2c9 | r3c1 | r3c2 | r3c3 | r3c4 | r3c5 | r3c6 | r3c7 | r3c8 | r3c9 | r4c1 | r4c2 | r4c3 | r4c4 | r4c5 | r4c6 | r4c7 | r4c8 | r4c9 | r5c1 | r5c2 | r5c3 | r5c4 | r5c5 | r5c6 | r5c7 | r5c8 | r5c9 | r6c1 | r6c2 | r6c3 | r6c4 | r6c5 | r6c6 | r6c7 | r6c8 | r6c9 | r7c1 | r7c2 | r7c3 | r7c4 | r7c5 | r7c6 | r7c7 | r7c8 | r7c9 | r8c1 | r8c2 | r8c3 | r8c4 | r8c5 | r8c6 | r8c7 | r8c8 | r8c9 | r9c1 | r9c2 | r9c3 | r9c4 | r9c5 | r9c6 | r9c7 | r9c8 | r9c9 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|   2  |   6  |   8  |   7  |   1  |   9  |   3  |   4  |   5  |   1  |   3  |   4  |   8  |   2  |   5  |   6  |   9  |   7  |   7  |   5  |   9  |   3  |   6  |   4  |   1  |   8  |   2  |   3  |   9  |   7  |   1  |   8  |   2  |   5  |   6  |   4  |   6  |   4  |   2  |   9  |   5  |   3  |   7  |   1  |   8  |   5  |   8  |   1  |   4  |   7  |   6  |   2  |   3  |   9  |   8  |   2  |   5  |   6  |   4  |   1  |   9  |   7  |   3  |   9  |   7  |   6  |   5  |   3  |   8  |   4  |   2  |   1  |   4  |   1  |   3  |   2  |   9  |   7  |   8  |   5  |   6  |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.55 sec)

Wow! Nous sommes passés de 1.5 à 0.55 seconde! Maintenant, qu’en est-il de notre grille à 17 révélés ?

mysql> SELECT *
-> FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view
-> WHERE
-> (r1c8 = 1) AND
-> (r2c1 = 4) AND
-> (r3c2 = 2) AND
-> (r4c5 = 5) AND
-> (r4c7 = 4) AND
-> (r4c9 = 7) AND
-> (r5c3 = 8) AND
-> (r5c7 = 3) AND
-> (r6c3 = 1) AND
-> (r6c5 = 9) AND
-> (r7c1 = 3) AND
-> (r7c4 = 4) AND
-> (r7c7 = 2) AND
-> (r8c2 = 5) AND
-> (r8c4 = 1) AND
-> (r9c4 = 8) AND
-> (r9c6 = 6);
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| r1c1 | r1c2 | r1c3 | r1c4 | r1c5 | r1c6 | r1c7 | r1c8 | r1c9 | r2c1 | r2c2 | r2c3 | r2c4 | r2c5 | r2c6 | r2c7 | r2c8 | r2c9 | r3c1 | r3c2 | r3c3 | r3c4 | r3c5 | r3c6 | r3c7 | r3c8 | r3c9 | r4c1 | r4c2 | r4c3 | r4c4 | r4c5 | r4c6 | r4c7 | r4c8 | r4c9 | r5c1 | r5c2 | r5c3 | r5c4 | r5c5 | r5c6 | r5c7 | r5c8 | r5c9 | r6c1 | r6c2 | r6c3 | r6c4 | r6c5 | r6c6 | r6c7 | r6c8 | r6c9 | r7c1 | r7c2 | r7c3 | r7c4 | r7c5 | r7c6 | r7c7 | r7c8 | r7c9 | r8c1 | r8c2 | r8c3 | r8c4 | r8c5 | r8c6 | r8c7 | r8c8 | r8c9 | r9c1 | r9c2 | r9c3 | r9c4 | r9c5 | r9c6 | r9c7 | r9c8 | r9c9 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|    6 |    9 |    3 |    7 |    8 |    4 |    5 |    1 |    2 |    4 |    8 |    7 |    5 |    1 |    2 |    9 |    3 |    6 |    1 |    2 |    5 |    9 |    6 |    3 |    8 |    7 |    4 |    9 |    3 |    2 |    6 |    5 |    1 |    4 |    8 |    7 |    5 |    6 |    8 |    2 |    4 |    7 |    3 |    9 |    1 |    7 |    4 |    1 |    3 |    9 |    8 |    6 |    2 |    5 |    3 |    1 |    9 |    4 |    7 |    5 |    2 |    6 |    8 |    8 |    5 |    6 |    1 |    2 |    9 |    7 |    4 |    3 |    2 |    7 |    4 |    8 |    3 |    6 |    1 |    5 |    9 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
1 row in set (7.41 sec)

Fantastique!  Nous sommes passés de 20 minutes à 7 secondes!  Mais il y a encore place à amélioration!

5. Presser encore plus fort

Maintenant que nous sommes en mesure d’obtenir des résultats dans des temps raisonnables en utilisant une table de type MEMORY, nous pouvons regarder du côté des variables système pour essayer de les optimiser.

Mais avant de se lancer dans cette entreprise, il importe d’avoir un jeu d’essai afin d’effectuer des tests reproduisibles et mesurables pour vérifier l’impact de chacun des changements sur ces variables.

Nous allons tout d’abord créer une table qui nous permettra de sauvegarder le temps d’exécution de toutes les grilles de notre jeu d’essai.

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tests;

CREATE TABLE tests (
debut DATETIME,
fin DATETIME
) ENGINE=MYISAM;

Maintenant, nous allons créer notre jeu d’essai.  Évidemment notre échantillon de grilles est varié de façon à être représentatif afin  de mesurer chaque option de façon précise.

USE sudoku;
TRUNCATE tests;
INSERT INTO tests(debut, fin) VALUES (NOW(), NULL);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 1) AND (r1c3 = 3) AND (r1c4 = 7) AND (r1c9 = 5) AND (r2c4 = 6) AND (r2c6 = 4) AND (r3c1 = 8) AND (r4c4 = 8) AND (r4c5 = 1) AND (r5c2 = 9) AND (r5c7 = 7) AND (r6c2 = 6) AND (r6c8 = 9) AND (r7c2 = 2) AND (r7c7 = 4) AND (r8c1 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 3) AND (r9c8 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 8) AND (r1c4 = 3) AND (r1c6 = 7) AND (r2c3 = 9) AND (r3c1 = 2) AND (r3c2 = 7) AND (r3c5 = 4) AND (r4c2 = 3) AND (r4c5 = 1) AND (r5c1 = 4) AND (r5c4 = 9) AND (r5c7 = 2) AND (r5c8 = 8) AND (r6c4 = 6) AND (r6c6 = 2) AND (r6c7 = 4) AND (r6c8 = 3) AND (r7c1 = 3) AND (r7c2 = 1) AND (r7c6 = 6) AND (r8c1 = 6) AND (r8c3 = 8) AND (r8c4 = 1) AND (r8c9 = 7) AND (r9c5 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 2) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r4c8 = 6) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r5c7 = 9) AND (r6c2 = 5) AND (r6c6 = 8) AND (r7c5 = 3) AND (r7c7 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 9) AND (r8c4 = 1) AND (r9c2 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r2c2 = 8) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r3c6 = 3) AND (r3c8 = 8) AND (r3c9 = 9) AND (r4c2 = 2) AND (r4c3 = 4) AND (r4c6 = 9) AND (r5c5 = 1) AND (r5c9 = 5) AND (r6c2 = 1) AND (r6c6 = 7) AND (r7c3 = 2) AND (r7c4 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 3) AND (r8c1 = 9) AND (r8c6 = 5) AND (r8c9 = 7) AND (r9c1 = 5) AND (r9c5 = 8) AND (r9c8 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 5) AND (r1c6 = 8) AND (r1c7 = 6) AND (r2c6 = 6) AND (r2c7 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 7) AND (r3c2 = 1) AND (r4c1 = 9) AND (r4c4 = 7) AND (r4c5 = 6) AND (r4c6 = 2) AND (r5c1 = 7) AND (r6c3 = 8) AND (r7c1 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 3) AND (r7c7 = 8) AND (r8c4 = 1) AND (r8c5 = 9) AND (r8c9 = 5) AND (r9c3 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 5) AND (r1c4 = 8) AND (r1c5 = 3) AND (r2c7 = 7) AND (r2c8 = 1) AND (r3c2 = 3) AND (r4c1 = 7) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r4c7 = 8) AND (r5c1 = 1) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r7c2 = 8) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 4) AND (r8c1 = 9) AND (r8c6 = 2) AND (r9c5 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 7) AND (r1c9 = 5) AND (r2c2 = 3) AND (r2c8 = 7) AND (r3c1 = 2) AND (r3c3 = 5) AND (r3c8 = 3) AND (r3c9 = 8) AND (r4c8 = 8) AND (r4c9 = 9) AND (r5c1 = 5) AND (r5c3 = 8) AND (r5c4 = 2) AND (r5c6 = 9) AND (r5c7 = 7) AND (r5c9 = 4) AND (r6c1 = 3) AND (r7c1 = 6) AND (r7c3 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 9) AND (r7c5 = 8) AND (r7c6 = 7) AND (r7c7 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 9) AND (r8c4 = 5) AND (r9c4 = 4) AND (r9c6 = 6) AND (r9c9 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 4) AND (r1c2 = 6) AND (r1c3 = 8) AND (r1c7 = 1) AND (r2c2 = 7) AND (r2c4 = 4) AND (r2c6 = 8) AND (r2c8 = 5) AND (r3c4 = 6) AND (r4c3 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c5 = 8) AND (r4c6 = 3) AND (r4c9 = 7) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r6c1 = 3) AND (r6c5 = 5) AND (r6c7 = 2) AND (r6c9 = 1) AND (r7c6 = 7) AND (r8c4 = 8) AND (r8c6 = 2) AND (r8c7 = 5) AND (r9c6 = 5) AND (r9c7 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 9) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 5) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 3) AND (r4c8 = 7) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r5c7 = 6) AND (r6c2 = 1) AND (r6c6 = 5) AND (r7c5 = 8) AND (r7c7 = 2) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 3) AND (r8c4 = 9) AND (r9c2 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c6 = 7) AND (r1c9 = 2) AND (r2c5 = 4) AND (r2c6 = 5) AND (r2c8 = 7) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r4c1 = 3) AND (r4c5 = 5) AND (r4c7 = 8) AND (r5c1 = 4) AND (r5c2 = 8) AND (r5c4 = 9) AND (r5c6 = 1) AND (r5c9 = 7) AND (r6c3 = 7) AND (r6c6 = 4) AND (r6c7 = 2) AND (r6c9 = 9) AND (r7c5 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 3) AND (r8c8 = 5) AND (r9c2 = 3) AND (r9c4 = 8) AND (r9c5 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 9) AND (r1c8 = 7) AND (r2c8 = 2) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c1 = 1) AND (r4c2 = 2) AND (r4c3 = 9) AND (r4c9 = 5) AND (r5c6 = 1) AND (r5c7 = 6) AND (r6c2 = 4) AND (r6c5 = 8) AND (r7c4 = 4) AND (r7c5 = 3) AND (r8c1 = 5) AND (r8c7 = 8) AND (r9c4 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r2c2 = 9) AND (r2c3 = 3) AND (r3c2 = 7) AND (r3c8 = 3) AND (r4c3 = 9) AND (r4c5 = 6) AND (r4c8 = 7) AND (r4c9 = 4) AND (r5c3 = 6) AND (r5c5 = 7) AND (r5c7 = 3) AND (r5c8 = 9) AND (r6c2 = 3) AND (r6c4 = 5) AND (r6c7 = 6) AND (r6c8 = 8) AND (r7c1 = 9) AND (r7c5 = 8) AND (r7c6 = 2) AND (r7c7 = 4) AND (r8c2 = 8) AND (r8c3 = 2) AND (r8c5 = 3) AND (r8c8 = 5) AND (r8c9 = 7) AND (r9c2 = 6) AND (r9c3 = 4) AND (r9c4 = 7) AND (r9c5 = 5) AND (r9c8 = 2) AND (r9c9 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 7) AND (r1c5 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r1c9 = 9) AND (r2c1 = 6) AND (r2c8 = 4) AND (r3c2 = 1) AND (r3c5 = 8) AND (r3c6 = 9) AND (r3c9 = 3) AND (r4c4 = 1) AND (r5c4 = 3) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c8 = 9) AND (r7c1 = 4) AND (r7c2 = 6) AND (r8c3 = 7) AND (r8c6 = 3) AND (r8c9 = 8) AND (r9c2 = 5) AND (r9c3 = 8) AND (r9c4 = 7) AND (r9c6 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 7) AND (r1c5 = 9) AND (r1c6 = 4) AND (r2c2 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 7) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c4 = 2) AND (r3c5 = 1) AND (r4c1 = 2) AND (r4c4 = 5) AND (r4c6 = 9) AND (r5c3 = 8) AND (r5c4 = 6) AND (r6c1 = 9) AND (r6c2 = 5) AND (r6c6 = 1) AND (r6c8 = 2) AND (r6c9 = 7) AND (r7c1 = 8) AND (r7c6 = 2) AND (r7c7 = 6) AND (r8c1 = 1) AND (r8c5 = 5) AND (r8c6 = 8) AND (r8c9 = 2) AND (r9c4 = 7) AND (r9c5 = 4) AND (r9c9 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 1) AND (r1c4 = 6) AND (r1c5 = 2) AND (r2c1 = 5) AND (r2c8 = 4) AND (r2c9 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 9) AND (r4c1 = 7) AND (r4c8 = 8) AND (r5c3 = 5) AND (r5c9 = 4) AND (r6c4 = 1) AND (r7c6 = 3) AND (r7c7 = 6) AND (r8c2 = 9) AND (r8c7 = 2) AND (r9c1 = 8) AND (r9c6 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 5) AND (r1c3 = 8) AND (r1c6 = 6) AND (r1c7 = 3) AND (r1c8 = 2) AND (r1c9 = 4) AND (r2c1 = 9) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c3 = 3) AND (r2c6 = 8) AND (r2c7 = 5) AND (r2c8 = 6) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r4c9 = 8) AND (r5c2 = 8) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r5c6 = 9) AND (r7c2 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r7c6 = 7) AND (r7c8 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 3) AND (r8c5 = 9) AND (r8c6 = 5) AND (r8c8 = 8) AND (r8c9 = 2) AND (r9c2 = 9) AND (r9c3 = 5) AND (r9c5 = 8) AND (r9c7 = 6) AND (r9c8 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 3) AND (r1c5 = 7) AND (r1c7 = 8) AND (r2c4 = 4) AND (r2c6 = 3) AND (r3c1 = 2) AND (r3c4 = 5) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 8) AND (r3c9 = 3) AND (r4c2 = 6) AND (r4c3 = 2) AND (r4c7 = 5) AND (r4c8 = 3) AND (r5c1 = 1) AND (r5c3 = 5) AND (r5c7 = 9) AND (r5c9 = 4) AND (r6c2 = 3) AND (r6c3 = 9) AND (r6c7 = 2) AND (r6c8 = 1) AND (r7c1 = 3) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r7c5 = 2) AND (r7c6 = 7) AND (r7c9 = 5) AND (r8c4 = 9) AND (r8c6 = 5) AND (r9c3 = 7) AND (r9c5 = 8) AND (r9c7 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 3) AND (r1c3 = 8) AND (r2c1 = 7) AND (r2c6 = 8) AND (r3c1 = 6) AND (r3c2 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c4 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 1) AND (r3c6 = 7) AND (r3c8 = 2) AND (r4c1 = 1) AND (r4c2 = 7) AND (r4c5 = 3) AND (r4c6 = 6) AND (r4c8 = 8) AND (r4c9 = 2) AND (r5c1 = 3) AND (r5c3 = 6) AND (r5c4 = 2) AND (r5c6 = 1) AND (r5c8 = 7) AND (r5c9 = 9) AND (r6c5 = 7) AND (r7c1 = 4) AND (r7c2 = 9) AND (r7c8 = 1) AND (r8c2 = 6) AND (r8c3 = 1) AND (r8c5 = 9) AND (r8c8 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c6 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 8) AND (r2c2 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 3) AND (r3c1 = 3) AND (r3c3 = 7) AND (r3c4 = 6) AND (r4c2 = 9) AND (r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c5 = 7) AND (r4c6 = 6) AND (r4c7 = 3) AND (r5c4 = 9) AND (r5c6 = 8) AND (r5c8 = 1) AND (r6c1 = 2) AND (r7c2 = 6) AND (r8c2 = 8) AND (r8c6 = 1) AND (r8c8 = 6) AND (r9c2 = 3) AND (r9c4 = 2) AND (r9c9 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 8) AND (r1c7 = 4) AND (r1c9 = 3) AND (r2c1 = 9) AND (r2c4 = 3) AND (r2c7 = 7) AND (r3c2 = 1) AND (r3c3 = 5) AND (r3c6 = 2) AND (r4c1 = 6) AND (r4c8 = 9) AND (r4c9 = 5) AND (r5c2 = 3) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r6c4 = 8) AND (r7c7 = 8) AND (r7c8 = 3) AND (r7c9 = 2) AND (r8c2 = 2) AND (r8c5 = 9) AND (r9c1 = 8) AND (r9c4 = 7) AND (r9c9 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 7) AND (r1c4 = 2) AND (r1c6 = 4) AND (r1c8 = 5) AND (r2c2 = 4) AND (r2c9 = 2) AND (r3c2 = 2) AND (r3c5 = 8) AND (r3c9 = 6) AND (r4c3 = 7) AND (r4c9 = 5) AND (r5c1 = 8) AND (r5c4 = 5) AND (r6c1 = 6) AND (r6c3 = 3) AND (r6c8 = 7) AND (r7c3 = 9) AND (r7c4 = 7) AND (r8c1 = 3) AND (r8c3 = 2) AND (r8c5 = 5) AND (r8c8 = 6) AND (r9c3 = 5) AND (r9c4 = 3) AND (r9c7 = 9) AND (r9c8 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c7 = 8) AND (r1c8 = 7) AND (r2c1 = 2) AND (r2c2 = 6) AND (r3c2 = 4) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 5) AND (r4c3 = 7) AND (r5c6 = 2) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c6 = 3) AND (r6c8 = 4) AND (r6c9 = 5) AND (r7c4 = 3) AND (r8c3 = 2) AND (r8c4 = 8) AND (r8c5 = 9) AND (r8c6 = 7) AND (r9c2 = 5) AND (r9c9 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 3) AND (r1c5 = 8) AND (r1c8 = 7) AND (r1c9 = 1) AND (r2c2 = 6) AND (r2c3 = 7) AND (r3c1 = 8) AND (r5c1 = 7) AND (r5c2 = 2) AND (r5c3 = 9) AND (r5c5 = 3) AND (r5c6 = 1) AND (r5c8 = 6) AND (r5c9 = 4) AND (r6c1 = 3) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c3 = 1) AND (r7c3 = 8) AND (r7c5 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 7) AND (r7c8 = 4) AND (r8c2 = 1) AND (r8c3 = 2) AND (r8c4 = 6) AND (r8c8 = 8) AND (r8c9 = 3) AND (r9c1 = 6) AND (r9c4 = 3) AND (r9c5 = 4) AND (r9c8 = 1) AND (r9c9 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c8 = 4) AND (r2c5 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 7) AND (r3c4 = 1) AND (r3c5 = 4) AND (r3c6 = 6) AND (r3c7 = 9) AND (r3c9 = 8) AND (r4c1 = 2) AND (r4c5 = 6) AND (r4c9 = 3) AND (r5c3 = 1) AND (r5c5 = 9) AND (r5c9 = 6) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c3 = 6) AND (r6c4 = 3) AND (r6c5 = 7) AND (r6c7 = 4) AND (r7c5 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 7) AND (r8c1 = 9) AND (r8c2 = 4) AND (r8c8 = 3) AND (r8c9 = 1) AND (r9c6 = 7) AND (r9c9 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 3) AND (r1c5 = 2) AND (r1c6 = 6) AND (r2c7 = 4) AND (r2c9 = 1) AND (r3c1 = 5) AND (r4c1 = 2) AND (r4c8 = 6) AND (r5c6 = 5) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c2 = 4) AND (r6c4 = 1) AND (r7c4 = 4) AND (r7c5 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 7) AND (r8c4 = 8) AND (r9c1 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 4) AND (r1c7 = 8) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c1 = 9) AND (r2c4 = 6) AND (r2c6 = 7) AND (r3c3 = 8) AND (r3c6 = 2) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r4c6 = 1) AND (r4c8 = 4) AND (r4c9 = 2) AND (r5c2 = 3) AND (r6c1 = 6) AND (r6c2 = 4) AND (r7c1 = 8) AND (r7c2 = 1) AND (r8c7 = 4) AND (r8c8 = 3) AND (r9c3 = 7) AND (r9c4 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 3) AND (r1c3 = 4) AND (r1c6 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 8) AND (r2c2 = 5) AND (r2c5 = 9) AND (r2c8 = 4) AND (r2c9 = 3) AND (r3c1 = 9) AND (r3c2 = 8) AND (r3c4 = 2) AND (r3c9 = 5) AND (r4c1 = 3) AND (r4c5 = 7) AND (r4c9 = 8) AND (r5c2 = 4) AND (r5c6 = 3) AND (r5c7 = 6) AND (r5c8 = 9) AND (r6c2 = 9) AND (r6c5 = 6) AND (r6c7 = 2) AND (r7c1 = 6) AND (r7c5 = 5) AND (r7c6 = 7) AND (r8c5 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 2) AND (r1c5 = 5) AND (r1c6 = 4) AND (r1c7 = 3) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r1c9 = 1) AND (r2c4 = 2) AND (r3c5 = 1) AND (r3c6 = 9) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r4c6 = 8) AND (r5c2 = 4) AND (r5c4 = 3) AND (r5c5 = 2) AND (r5c6 = 5) AND (r5c7 = 1) AND (r5c8 = 8) AND (r6c5 = 6) AND (r6c8 = 9) AND (r6c9 = 4) AND (r7c1 = 3) AND (r7c4 = 1) AND (r7c6 = 2) AND (r7c9 = 5) AND (r8c9 = 3) AND (r9c6 = 6) AND (r9c7 = 2) AND (r9c8 = 1) AND (r9c9 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 1) AND (r1c5 = 6) AND (r2c2 = 3) AND (r2c7 = 5) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c5 = 2) AND (r4c8 = 7) AND (r4c9 = 2) AND (r5c3 = 1) AND (r5c4 = 5) AND (r5c5 = 7) AND (r5c7 = 9) AND (r6c2 = 4) AND (r6c8 = 1) AND (r7c2 = 9) AND (r7c3 = 2) AND (r8c4 = 7) AND (r8c7 = 6) AND (r8c8 = 3) AND (r9c8 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 8) AND (r1c3 = 5) AND (r1c9 = 2) AND (r2c4 = 9) AND (r2c6 = 1) AND (r3c1 = 3) AND (r4c2 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 7) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r5c1 = 2) AND (r5c5 = 5) AND (r6c8 = 6) AND (r7c4 = 3) AND (r7c5 = 8) AND (r8c2 = 1) AND (r8c7 = 7) AND (r9c2 = 4) AND (r9c8 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r2c2 = 7) AND (r2c7 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c5 = 9) AND (r3c6 = 8) AND (r3c7 = 3) AND (r3c9 = 2) AND (r4c1 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c7 = 9) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c1 = 2) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c6 = 3) AND (r6c7 = 6) AND (r7c2 = 3) AND (r7c4 = 9) AND (r7c5 = 4) AND (r7c6 = 6) AND (r7c9 = 8) AND (r8c2 = 2) AND (r9c1 = 1) AND (r9c3 = 4) AND (r9c4 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 6) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 2) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r4c4 = 6) AND (r4c8 = 7) AND (r5c3 = 8) AND (r5c7 = 9) AND (r6c2 = 5) AND (r6c6 = 3) AND (r7c5 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 1) AND (r8c4 = 9) AND (r9c2 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 8) AND (r1c3 = 3) AND (r1c7 = 6) AND (r1c8 = 4) AND (r2c1 = 1) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c5 = 6) AND (r2c7 = 5) AND (r3c1 = 5) AND (r3c4 = 8) AND (r3c5 = 9) AND (r3c6 = 3) AND (r3c8 = 2) AND (r3c9 = 1) AND (r4c5 = 3) AND (r5c2 = 6) AND (r5c5 = 2) AND (r5c6 = 5) AND (r5c8 = 1) AND (r5c9 = 3) AND (r6c2 = 1) AND (r6c6 = 9) AND (r6c8 = 5) AND (r7c1 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 3) AND (r7c6 = 1) AND (r8c2 = 5) AND (r9c4 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 5) AND (r1c3 = 3) AND (r1c5 = 9) AND (r2c7 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 1) AND (r3c1 = 2) AND (r4c1 = 4) AND (r4c5 = 2) AND (r4c8 = 5) AND (r5c2 = 1) AND (r5c4 = 8) AND (r6c2 = 6) AND (r6c4 = 7) AND (r7c4 = 4) AND (r7c6 = 7) AND (r7c7 = 6) AND (r8c8 = 3) AND (r9c1 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 1) AND (r1c4 = 7) AND (r1c7 = 2) AND (r1c9 = 5) AND (r2c8 = 6) AND (r2c9 = 3) AND (r3c3 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r4c1 = 5) AND (r4c4 = 3) AND (r4c9 = 7) AND (r6c3 = 8) AND (r6c4 = 2) AND (r6c6 = 7) AND (r6c7 = 3) AND (r6c8 = 9) AND (r7c8 = 7) AND (r8c1 = 2) AND (r8c4 = 5) AND (r8c7 = 1) AND (r9c2 = 6) AND (r9c4 = 8) AND (r9c5 = 3) AND (r9c6 = 1) AND (r9c7 = 5) AND (r9c9 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 9) AND (r1c4 = 5) AND (r1c6 = 6) AND (r1c7 = 4) AND (r1c8 = 2) AND (r2c1 = 2) AND (r2c2 = 3) AND (r2c7 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 5) AND (r3c2 = 5) AND (r3c3 = 4) AND (r3c5 = 3) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r3c9 = 9) AND (r4c3 = 8) AND (r4c4 = 6) AND (r4c5 = 7) AND (r4c6 = 5) AND (r6c4 = 3) AND (r6c5 = 2) AND (r6c6 = 9) AND (r6c9 = 6) AND (r7c2 = 4) AND (r7c3 = 2) AND (r7c5 = 9) AND (r7c6 = 3) AND (r7c7 = 6) AND (r8c4 = 4) AND (r8c5 = 6) AND (r9c1 = 3) AND (r9c4 = 2) AND (r9c6 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 3) AND (r1c5 = 5) AND (r2c3 = 9) AND (r2c7 = 1) AND (r3c6 = 9) AND (r3c9 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 8) AND (r4c9 = 5) AND (r5c5 = 1) AND (r5c7 = 8) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c2 = 3) AND (r6c3 = 2) AND (r6c8 = 7) AND (r7c1 = 1) AND (r7c2 = 8) AND (r7c7 = 3) AND (r8c3 = 7) AND (r8c8 = 2) AND (r9c2 = 5) AND (r9c7 = 7) AND (r9c9 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 6) AND (r1c7 = 8) AND (r1c9 = 7) AND (r2c3 = 3) AND (r2c8 = 4) AND (r3c1 = 2) AND (r3c2 = 9) AND (r3c5 = 7) AND (r3c9 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 9) AND (r4c7 = 2) AND (r4c9 = 3) AND (r5c4 = 2) AND (r5c5 = 6) AND (r5c9 = 9) AND (r7c1 = 3) AND (r7c2 = 8) AND (r7c5 = 2) AND (r8c3 = 7) AND (r8c7 = 1) AND (r8c9 = 4) AND (r9c4 = 1) AND (r9c8 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 4) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 1) AND (r2c8 = 2) AND (r2c9 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r4c4 = 6) AND (r4c8 = 4) AND (r5c3 = 3) AND (r5c7 = 5) AND (r6c2 = 7) AND (r6c6 = 2) AND (r7c5 = 4) AND (r7c7 = 8) AND (r8c1 = 2) AND (r8c2 = 1) AND (r8c4 = 8) AND (r8c8 = 7) AND (r9c2 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 5) AND (r1c5 = 7) AND (r1c7 = 4) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c3 = 7) AND (r2c4 = 2) AND (r2c7 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 9) AND (r3c5 = 4) AND (r3c7 = 7) AND (r3c9 = 2) AND (r4c3 = 8) AND (r4c6 = 2) AND (r5c4 = 3) AND (r5c5 = 9) AND (r5c7 = 2) AND (r5c8 = 4) AND (r6c2 = 3) AND (r6c4 = 4) AND (r6c9 = 5) AND (r7c4 = 9) AND (r7c5 = 2) AND (r7c7 = 5) AND (r8c4 = 8) AND (r8c5 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 4) AND (r8c9 = 7) AND (r9c1 = 8) AND (r9c6 = 5);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r2c2 = 7) AND (r2c4 = 6) AND (r2c5 = 3) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c4 = 8) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r4c7 = 7) AND (r4c8 = 3) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r5c4 = 3) AND (r5c7 = 5) AND (r5c9 = 9) AND (r6c3 = 6) AND (r6c5 = 1) AND (r6c7 = 2) AND (r7c1 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 3) AND (r7c6 = 1) AND (r8c1 = 9) AND (r8c5 = 6) AND (r8c9 = 8) AND (r9c2 = 8) AND (r9c3 = 1) AND (r9c4 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 9) AND (r2c4 = 3) AND (r2c5 = 6) AND (r2c7 = 1) AND (r3c5 = 1) AND (r3c6 = 9) AND (r3c7 = 5) AND (r4c1 = 5) AND (r4c8 = 9) AND (r4c9 = 2) AND (r5c5 = 7) AND (r6c4 = 6) AND (r6c9 = 3) AND (r7c4 = 9) AND (r7c7 = 7) AND (r7c8 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 5) AND (r8c6 = 1) AND (r8c8 = 2) AND (r9c2 = 6) AND (r9c5 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 3) AND (r1c3 = 7) AND (r2c1 = 9) AND (r2c2 = 4) AND (r2c3 = 6) AND (r2c9 = 3) AND (r3c1 = 1) AND (r3c4 = 7) AND (r4c1 = 2) AND (r4c2 = 8) AND (r4c3 = 1) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r5c3 = 3) AND (r5c6 = 6) AND (r6c1 = 4) AND (r7c5 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 9) AND (r7c9 = 2) AND (r8c3 = 2) AND (r8c4 = 9) AND (r8c6 = 4) AND (r8c9 = 6) AND (r9c1 = 3) AND (r9c2 = 1) AND (r9c5 = 8) AND (r9c8 = 4) AND (r9c9 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r2c1 = 4) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c3 = 9) AND (r2c5 = 8) AND (r2c6 = 3) AND (r3c2 = 8) AND (r3c4 = 5) AND (r3c6 = 4) AND (r4c5 = 2) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r4c8 = 7) AND (r5c2 = 4) AND (r5c4 = 8) AND (r5c6 = 9) AND (r5c8 = 5) AND (r6c3 = 2) AND (r6c4 = 1) AND (r6c7 = 3) AND (r6c9 = 8) AND (r7c2 = 9) AND (r8c1 = 8) AND (r8c5 = 7) AND (r8c6 = 2) AND (r8c9 = 4) AND (r9c4 = 9) AND (r9c5 = 1) AND (r9c6 = 8) AND (r9c9 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 2) AND (r1c7 = 4) AND (r1c9 = 9) AND (r2c2 = 4) AND (r2c8 = 5) AND (r2c9 = 2) AND (r3c3 = 5) AND (r3c7 = 8) AND (r3c8 = 7) AND (r4c2 = 8) AND (r4c8 = 9) AND (r4c9 = 6) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r5c6 = 9) AND (r5c7 = 2) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c3 = 2) AND (r6c5 = 3) AND (r6c7 = 7) AND (r6c9 = 8) AND (r7c2 = 5) AND (r7c5 = 8) AND (r7c7 = 9) AND (r8c1 = 2) AND (r8c3 = 6) AND (r9c3 = 8) AND (r9c4 = 5) AND (r9c6 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 9) AND (r1c5 = 6) AND (r2c3 = 2) AND (r2c7 = 6) AND (r3c2 = 1) AND (r3c6 = 9) AND (r3c7 = 5) AND (r3c9 = 3) AND (r4c2 = 7) AND (r4c7 = 8) AND (r5c1 = 1) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c3 = 9) AND (r6c9 = 5) AND (r7c2 = 8) AND (r7c6 = 3) AND (r7c9 = 9) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c3 = 5) AND (r8c6 = 2) AND (r8c7 = 1) AND (r8c9 = 6) AND (r9c1 = 6) AND (r9c8 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c7 = 3) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c1 = 7) AND (r2c4 = 5) AND (r3c1 = 2) AND (r3c5 = 4) AND (r4c2 = 3) AND (r4c3 = 9) AND (r4c6 = 8) AND (r5c8 = 6) AND (r5c9 = 2) AND (r6c2 = 1) AND (r7c1 = 5) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r7c9 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 8) AND (r8c7 = 9) AND (r9c5 = 5);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 5) AND (r1c3 = 1) AND (r1c5 = 7) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r1c9 = 3) AND (r2c2 = 6) AND (r2c8 = 2) AND (r3c2 = 2) AND (r3c3 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r3c7 = 7) AND (r3c8 = 9) AND (r5c2 = 1) AND (r5c7 = 3) AND (r5c8 = 5) AND (r6c3 = 9) AND (r6c8 = 4) AND (r7c1 = 6) AND (r7c4 = 4) AND (r7c6 = 9) AND (r7c7 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 5) AND (r8c2 = 9) AND (r8c4 = 6) AND (r8c5 = 3) AND (r8c8 = 7) AND (r8c9 = 4) AND (r9c3 = 4) AND (r9c4 = 7) AND (r9c5 = 5) AND (r9c8 = 3) AND (r9c9 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 7) AND (r1c8 = 9) AND (r2c6 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 2) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r4c8 = 2) AND (r5c3 = 6) AND (r5c7 = 7) AND (r6c2 = 5) AND (r6c6 = 3) AND (r7c5 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 8) AND (r8c2 = 1) AND (r8c4 = 9) AND (r9c2 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 1) AND (r1c8 = 8) AND (r2c6 = 1) AND (r2c8 = 2) AND (r2c9 = 3) AND (r3c3 = 4) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r4c4 = 2) AND (r4c8 = 6) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r5c7 = 8) AND (r6c2 = 5) AND (r6c6 = 9) AND (r7c5 = 7) AND (r7c7 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 6) AND (r8c2 = 3) AND (r8c4 = 8) AND (r9c2 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 2) AND (r1c3 = 7) AND (r1c5 = 3) AND (r1c6 = 4) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r1c9 = 5) AND (r2c6 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 2) AND (r3c3 = 4) AND (r3c7 = 7) AND (r4c1 = 4) AND (r4c9 = 3) AND (r5c1 = 8) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r5c7 = 6) AND (r5c8 = 4) AND (r6c2 = 7) AND (r6c9 = 8) AND (r7c2 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 1) AND (r7c5 = 8) AND (r7c8 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 6) AND (r8c2 = 4) AND (r8c5 = 2) AND (r8c6 = 5) AND (r8c7 = 3) AND (r9c1 = 5) AND (r9c6 = 7) AND (r9c9 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c8 = 8) AND (r2c1 = 3) AND (r2c4 = 5) AND (r2c6 = 7) AND (r2c7 = 1) AND (r3c6 = 1) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r3c9 = 3) AND (r4c3 = 2) AND (r5c1 = 8) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r5c7 = 2) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c1 = 5) AND (r6c5 = 7) AND (r7c2 = 8) AND (r7c5 = 4) AND (r7c6 = 3) AND (r7c8 = 2) AND (r7c9 = 1) AND (r8c1 = 1) AND (r8c3 = 5) AND (r8c9 = 6) AND (r9c1 = 4) AND (r9c2 = 3) AND (r9c7 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 3) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 5) AND (r3c5 = 7) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r4c8 = 5) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r5c7 = 6) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c6 = 1) AND (r7c5 = 5) AND (r7c7 = 8) AND (r8c1 = 1) AND (r8c2 = 2) AND (r8c4 = 3) AND (r9c2 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c5 = 3) AND (r1c6 = 1) AND (r2c1 = 3) AND (r2c4 = 4) AND (r2c5 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 6) AND (r3c4 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 9) AND (r4c5 = 7) AND (r4c6 = 3) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r5c2 = 7) AND (r5c4 = 1) AND (r5c6 = 2) AND (r5c7 = 5) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c4 = 5) AND (r6c5 = 4) AND (r6c8 = 1) AND (r7c2 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 3) AND (r8c1 = 5) AND (r8c2 = 3) AND (r8c7 = 6) AND (r8c8 = 9) AND (r9c2 = 6) AND (r9c3 = 9) AND (r9c5 = 1) AND (r9c6 = 4) AND (r9c7 = 2) AND (r9c8 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 8) AND (r1c7 = 4) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c6 = 1) AND (r2c8 = 9) AND (r3c5 = 7) AND (r3c9 = 5) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r4c7 = 8) AND (r5c5 = 5) AND (r5c9 = 7) AND (r6c1 = 1) AND (r6c6 = 9) AND (r6c8 = 2) AND (r7c1 = 9) AND (r7c6 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 1) AND (r7c8 = 3) AND (r8c1 = 2) AND (r9c1 = 6) AND (r9c3 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 3) AND (r1c3 = 4) AND (r1c4 = 6) AND (r1c7 = 9) AND (r1c8 = 2) AND (r1c9 = 1) AND (r2c1 = 2) AND (r3c2 = 1) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c9 = 5) AND (r4c2 = 4) AND (r4c3 = 2) AND (r4c9 = 9) AND (r5c2 = 9) AND (r5c3 = 6) AND (r6c1 = 3) AND (r6c4 = 9) AND (r6c8 = 6) AND (r7c2 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 1) AND (r7c5 = 4) AND (r7c6 = 9) AND (r7c8 = 5) AND (r8c4 = 5) AND (r8c6 = 6) AND (r8c8 = 1) AND (r9c4 = 2) AND (r9c5 = 1) AND (r9c7 = 7) AND (r9c9 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c9 = 4) AND (r2c2 = 3) AND (r2c3 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 9) AND (r2c9 = 7) AND (r3c1 = 2) AND (r3c2 = 9) AND (r3c6 = 1) AND (r4c2 = 7) AND (r4c6 = 6) AND (r5c6 = 2) AND (r5c9 = 9) AND (r6c4 = 7) AND (r6c5 = 4) AND (r7c1 = 5) AND (r7c5 = 1) AND (r7c8 = 2) AND (r8c2 = 6) AND (r8c5 = 9) AND (r8c8 = 7) AND (r8c9 = 3) AND (r9c3 = 3) AND (r9c8 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 4) AND (r1c6 = 2) AND (r1c7 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r2c4 = 7) AND (r2c9 = 3) AND (r3c2 = 1) AND (r4c1 = 6) AND (r4c5 = 9) AND (r4c6 = 8) AND (r5c5 = 1) AND (r6c9 = 4) AND (r7c7 = 1) AND (r7c8 = 8) AND (r8c1 = 4) AND (r8c4 = 3) AND (r9c1 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 7) AND (r1c4 = 4) AND (r1c5 = 2) AND (r1c6 = 6) AND (r1c7 = 1) AND (r2c2 = 4) AND (r2c4 = 3) AND (r2c5 = 7) AND (r2c8 = 2) AND (r3c3 = 6) AND (r3c5 = 1) AND (r3c6 = 5) AND (r3c8 = 7) AND (r4c1 = 6) AND (r5c2 = 8) AND (r5c4 = 5) AND (r6c1 = 4) AND (r6c2 = 5) AND (r6c3 = 2) AND (r6c5 = 6) AND (r6c6 = 3) AND (r7c1 = 5) AND (r7c4 = 7) AND (r7c9 = 2) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c9 = 1) AND (r9c1 = 3) AND (r9c3 = 4) AND (r9c4 = 6) AND (r9c5 = 5) AND (r9c6 = 2) AND (r9c9 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 9) AND (r1c7 = 3) AND (r1c9 = 6) AND (r2c1 = 7) AND (r2c4 = 6) AND (r2c6 = 4) AND (r2c7 = 8) AND (r3c1 = 6) AND (r3c2 = 1) AND (r3c5 = 3) AND (r3c9 = 7) AND (r4c1 = 1) AND (r4c2 = 6) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r4c9 = 3) AND (r5c6 = 1) AND (r5c7 = 7) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c4 = 4) AND (r6c5 = 9) AND (r6c8 = 1) AND (r7c2 = 9) AND (r7c5 = 4) AND (r8c9 = 4) AND (r9c1 = 2) AND (r9c2 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 4) AND (r1c2 = 3) AND (r1c5 = 7) AND (r1c6 = 6) AND (r1c7 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 9) AND (r2c2 = 6) AND (r2c3 = 5) AND (r2c5 = 4) AND (r3c4 = 5) AND (r3c5 = 9) AND (r3c7 = 3) AND (r4c2 = 1) AND (r4c6 = 8) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r4c8 = 5) AND (r5c1 = 3) AND (r5c2 = 7) AND (r5c4 = 6) AND (r5c6 = 4) AND (r5c7 = 1) AND (r5c9 = 9) AND (r6c5 = 1) AND (r6c6 = 9) AND (r6c8 = 7) AND (r6c9 = 3) AND (r7c2 = 9) AND (r7c5 = 8) AND (r8c2 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 6) AND (r8c6 = 7) AND (r8c7 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 8) AND (r1c2 = 4) AND (r1c6 = 6) AND (r1c8 = 2) AND (r2c3 = 6) AND (r2c9 = 9) AND (r3c7 = 1) AND (r4c5 = 9) AND (r4c8 = 3) AND (r5c1 = 3) AND (r5c2 = 6) AND (r5c7 = 9) AND (r6c3 = 2) AND (r6c4 = 8) AND (r7c2 = 9) AND (r7c7 = 4) AND (r7c8 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 7) AND (r8c3 = 1) AND (r8c5 = 4) AND (r8c7 = 6) AND (r8c9 = 8) AND (r9c1 = 2) AND (r9c9 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 2) AND (r1c4 = 3) AND (r1c6 = 8) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r2c1 = 8) AND (r2c5 = 7) AND (r2c9 = 2) AND (r3c3 = 6) AND (r3c4 = 5) AND (r3c6 = 2) AND (r3c7 = 8) AND (r4c1 = 6) AND (r4c3 = 2) AND (r4c7 = 7) AND (r4c9 = 3) AND (r5c2 = 9) AND (r5c8 = 2) AND (r6c1 = 3) AND (r6c3 = 5) AND (r6c7 = 9) AND (r6c9 = 4) AND (r7c3 = 7) AND (r7c4 = 2) AND (r7c6 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 6) AND (r8c1 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 6) AND (r8c9 = 1) AND (r9c2 = 6) AND (r9c4 = 4) AND (r9c6 = 5) AND (r9c8 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 2) AND (r1c3 = 4) AND (r1c8 = 3) AND (r1c9 = 1) AND (r2c1 = 9) AND (r2c3 = 6) AND (r2c4 = 4) AND (r2c5 = 5) AND (r3c3 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 7) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r5c1 = 4) AND (r5c8 = 7) AND (r5c9 = 9) AND (r6c4 = 5) AND (r6c5 = 6) AND (r7c1 = 1) AND (r7c4 = 2) AND (r8c1 = 6) AND (r8c2 = 7) AND (r8c5 = 4) AND (r9c5 = 9) AND (r9c6 = 7) AND (r9c8 = 5);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 6) AND (r1c7 = 4) AND (r2c1 = 9) AND (r2c3 = 3) AND (r3c4 = 4) AND (r3c8 = 2) AND (r4c9 = 9) AND (r5c1 = 2) AND (r5c7 = 3) AND (r6c5 = 3) AND (r6c6 = 1) AND (r6c7 = 7) AND (r7c1 = 5) AND (r7c2 = 9) AND (r7c3 = 7) AND (r8c1 = 4) AND (r8c4 = 9) AND (r9c2 = 2) AND (r9c7 = 6) AND (r9c9 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 5) AND (r1c4 = 7) AND (r1c8 = 3) AND (r2c2 = 8) AND (r2c6 = 9) AND (r2c9 = 5) AND (r3c4 = 1) AND (r3c7 = 6) AND (r3c9 = 2) AND (r4c8 = 9) AND (r5c5 = 6) AND (r6c4 = 3) AND (r6c6 = 1) AND (r7c2 = 7) AND (r7c8 = 8) AND (r8c1 = 6) AND (r8c4 = 2) AND (r8c5 = 8) AND (r8c7 = 3) AND (r9c1 = 1) AND (r9c2 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c7 = 7) AND (r2c2 = 4) AND (r2c7 = 1) AND (r2c9 = 3) AND (r3c6 = 9) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r3c9 = 5) AND (r4c3 = 4) AND (r5c2 = 3) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r5c4 = 2) AND (r5c8 = 9) AND (r6c4 = 1) AND (r7c1 = 7) AND (r7c5 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 6) AND (r8c3 = 5) AND (r8c6 = 7) AND (r8c7 = 2) AND (r9c5 = 6) AND (r9c6 = 5) AND (r9c8 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 2) AND (r1c5 = 3) AND (r1c8 = 5) AND (r2c2 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 1) AND (r3c2 = 9) AND (r4c1 = 5) AND (r4c6 = 1) AND (r4c8 = 3) AND (r5c5 = 8) AND (r5c7 = 9) AND (r6c1 = 2) AND (r7c2 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 8) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c4 = 5);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 6) AND (r1c5 = 4) AND (r1c6 = 1) AND (r1c7 = 8) AND (r1c9 = 5) AND (r2c3 = 8) AND (r2c6 = 2) AND (r2c7 = 4) AND (r2c9 = 1) AND (r3c1 = 1) AND (r3c3 = 4) AND (r3c4 = 5) AND (r3c5 = 8) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r4c3 = 1) AND (r4c5 = 3) AND (r4c9 = 4) AND (r6c6 = 9) AND (r6c9 = 3) AND (r7c2 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 6) AND (r8c1 = 5) AND (r8c3 = 9) AND (r8c5 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 4) AND (r8c8 = 2) AND (r8c9 = 6) AND (r9c1 = 4) AND (r9c5 = 6) AND (r9c9 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 3) AND (r1c4 = 2) AND (r2c1 = 5) AND (r2c5 = 8) AND (r2c7 = 6) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c9 = 9) AND (r4c1 = 3) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r4c5 = 5) AND (r5c3 = 8) AND (r5c4 = 1) AND (r5c5 = 9) AND (r5c6 = 6) AND (r6c1 = 4) AND (r6c5 = 3) AND (r6c7 = 1) AND (r6c9 = 6) AND (r7c1 = 1) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 9) AND (r7c8 = 5) AND (r7c9 = 8) AND (r8c4 = 5) AND (r9c1 = 8) AND (r9c2 = 6) AND (r9c7 = 4) AND (r9c9 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 6) AND (r1c3 = 4) AND (r1c4 = 3) AND (r1c5 = 1) AND (r1c9 = 5) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c5 = 5) AND (r2c7 = 6) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 8) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 4) AND (r3c8 = 2) AND (r4c3 = 1) AND (r4c7 = 9) AND (r4c9 = 2) AND (r5c2 = 3) AND (r6c1 = 8) AND (r6c5 = 2) AND (r6c6 = 6) AND (r6c9 = 1) AND (r7c4 = 5) AND (r7c5 = 9) AND (r8c1 = 3) AND (r8c6 = 8) AND (r9c1 = 9) AND (r9c5 = 4) AND (r9c6 = 3) AND (r9c8 = 5);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c6 = 1) AND (r1c8 = 7) AND (r1c9 = 3) AND (r2c4 = 5) AND (r2c5 = 6) AND (r2c7 = 8) AND (r2c8 = 4) AND (r3c4 = 3) AND (r3c6 = 8) AND (r3c7 = 6) AND (r4c5 = 5) AND (r4c6 = 2) AND (r4c7 = 7) AND (r4c9 = 6) AND (r5c4 = 7) AND (r5c5 = 1) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r7c1 = 2) AND (r7c2 = 7) AND (r7c8 = 6) AND (r7c9 = 8) AND (r8c2 = 4) AND (r8c3 = 5) AND (r8c4 = 1) AND (r9c1 = 6) AND (r9c2 = 8) AND (r9c3 = 3) AND (r9c6 = 7) AND (r9c9 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c5 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c1 = 5) AND (r2c2 = 8) AND (r3c5 = 7) AND (r4c4 = 7) AND (r4c5 = 2) AND (r4c6 = 4) AND (r4c7 = 1) AND (r4c8 = 8) AND (r5c1 = 1) AND (r5c5 = 8) AND (r5c9 = 9) AND (r6c2 = 7) AND (r6c4 = 1) AND (r6c5 = 3) AND (r6c8 = 4) AND (r7c1 = 3) AND (r7c3 = 2) AND (r7c5 = 9) AND (r7c7 = 8) AND (r7c8 = 5) AND (r7c9 = 4) AND (r8c2 = 9) AND (r8c3 = 7) AND (r8c7 = 2) AND (r9c1 = 8) AND (r9c3 = 5) AND (r9c6 = 2) AND (r9c8 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 4) AND (r1c6 = 7) AND (r1c9 = 2) AND (r2c1 = 5) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c4 = 9) AND (r2c5 = 3) AND (r2c7 = 4) AND (r3c4 = 5) AND (r3c9 = 7) AND (r4c1 = 9) AND (r4c2 = 3) AND (r4c9 = 4) AND (r5c9 = 1) AND (r6c6 = 1) AND (r6c7 = 3) AND (r7c3 = 4) AND (r7c5 = 2) AND (r8c1 = 2) AND (r8c2 = 9) AND (r8c5 = 7) AND (r9c1 = 1) AND (r9c5 = 8) AND (r9c6 = 5) AND (r9c8 = 2) AND (r9c9 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 4) AND (r1c7 = 7) AND (r1c8 = 5) AND (r1c9 = 3) AND (r2c2 = 7) AND (r2c3 = 9) AND (r2c6 = 3) AND (r2c7 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 1) AND (r3c3 = 5) AND (r4c5 = 2) AND (r5c3 = 4) AND (r5c5 = 3) AND (r5c7 = 1) AND (r5c9 = 7) AND (r6c1 = 3) AND (r6c3 = 6) AND (r6c4 = 1) AND (r6c7 = 4) AND (r6c8 = 2) AND (r7c1 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 3) AND (r7c6 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 5) AND (r7c9 = 1) AND (r8c2 = 6) AND (r8c3 = 7) AND (r8c5 = 1) AND (r8c8 = 4) AND (r8c9 = 2) AND (r9c7 = 6) AND (r9c8 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 3) AND (r1c3 = 7) AND (r1c8 = 5) AND (r2c3 = 9) AND (r2c5 = 6) AND (r2c8 = 1) AND (r3c6 = 1) AND (r3c7 = 3) AND (r4c2 = 7) AND (r5c3 = 1) AND (r5c4 = 2) AND (r5c6 = 7) AND (r5c9 = 5) AND (r6c5 = 3) AND (r6c7 = 8) AND (r6c9 = 6) AND (r7c6 = 3) AND (r8c4 = 7) AND (r8c5 = 8) AND (r9c1 = 6) AND (r9c8 = 9) AND (r9c9 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 3) AND (r1c7 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 9) AND (r2c2 = 5) AND (r2c3 = 1) AND (r2c5 = 6) AND (r2c6 = 3) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c5 = 2) AND (r5c2 = 7) AND (r5c3 = 3) AND (r5c5 = 5) AND (r5c8 = 2) AND (r6c3 = 2) AND (r6c7 = 1) AND (r6c8 = 7) AND (r7c2 = 9) AND (r7c4 = 7) AND (r7c6 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 3) AND (r7c8 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 8) AND (r9c5 = 8) AND (r9c9 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r2c4 = 4) AND (r2c8 = 5) AND (r3c1 = 8) AND (r3c2 = 5) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c4 = 2) AND (r4c3 = 3) AND (r4c4 = 5) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r4c8 = 9) AND (r5c7 = 5) AND (r5c9 = 6) AND (r6c3 = 7) AND (r6c4 = 9) AND (r6c5 = 2) AND (r6c6 = 4) AND (r6c8 = 3) AND (r6c9 = 8) AND (r7c6 = 2) AND (r7c8 = 8) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c4 = 8) AND (r8c5 = 5) AND (r8c7 = 9) AND (r8c8 = 4) AND (r9c2 = 3) AND (r9c4 = 7) AND (r9c5 = 4) AND (r9c8 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 9) AND (r1c7 = 6) AND (r2c1 = 8) AND (r2c3 = 6) AND (r2c4 = 7) AND (r2c5 = 4) AND (r2c6 = 5) AND (r2c8 = 2) AND (r2c9 = 9) AND (r3c3 = 4) AND (r3c6 = 3) AND (r3c8 = 7) AND (r3c9 = 5) AND (r4c1 = 4) AND (r4c4 = 3) AND (r4c5 = 7) AND (r4c6 = 9) AND (r4c8 = 6) AND (r5c6 = 4) AND (r6c1 = 7) AND (r6c5 = 8) AND (r6c8 = 5) AND (r7c3 = 8) AND (r7c4 = 4) AND (r7c6 = 6) AND (r8c1 = 3) AND (r8c5 = 5) AND (r8c6 = 8) AND (r9c4 = 2) AND (r9c5 = 3) AND (r9c9 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c5 = 7) AND (r3c3 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 2) AND (r3c8 = 5) AND (r4c2 = 6) AND (r4c5 = 4) AND (r4c9 = 2) AND (r5c3 = 8) AND (r5c4 = 5) AND (r5c6 = 9) AND (r6c4 = 6) AND (r7c1 = 6) AND (r7c8 = 9) AND (r8c3 = 2) AND (r8c5 = 3) AND (r8c9 = 4) AND (r9c1 = 4) AND (r9c2 = 7) AND (r9c4 = 8) AND (r9c7 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 3) AND (r1c4 = 4) AND (r1c6 = 6) AND (r2c2 = 9) AND (r2c7 = 7) AND (r4c1 = 6) AND (r4c3 = 4) AND (r4c4 = 1) AND (r5c5 = 7) AND (r5c7 = 2) AND (r5c9 = 9) AND (r6c7 = 5) AND (r7c5 = 3) AND (r7c8 = 8) AND (r8c1 = 5) AND (r8c2 = 2) AND (r9c4 = 8) AND (r9c8 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 7) AND (r1c5 = 2) AND (r2c2 = 8) AND (r2c6 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 3) AND (r3c9 = 6) AND (r4c3 = 3) AND (r4c5 = 4) AND (r4c7 = 7) AND (r4c8 = 8) AND (r5c1 = 2) AND (r5c5 = 1) AND (r6c2 = 6) AND (r6c9 = 5) AND (r7c4 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 3) AND (r7c8 = 7) AND (r8c5 = 5) AND (r9c3 = 8) AND (r9c6 = 7) AND (r9c8 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c8 = 8) AND (r2c1 = 3) AND (r2c2 = 5) AND (r2c3 = 1) AND (r2c5 = 7) AND (r3c6 = 9) AND (r3c7 = 7) AND (r3c9 = 3) AND (r4c3 = 7) AND (r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c6 = 8) AND (r4c7 = 5) AND (r5c5 = 3) AND (r5c7 = 2) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c6 = 5) AND (r6c8 = 9) AND (r7c7 = 1) AND (r7c8 = 5) AND (r7c9 = 2) AND (r8c3 = 3) AND (r8c4 = 4) AND (r8c6 = 1) AND (r9c4 = 9) AND (r9c5 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c7 = 3) AND (r1c9 = 8) AND (r2c1 = 7) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c4 = 9) AND (r2c9 = 6) AND (r3c4 = 1) AND (r4c2 = 8) AND (r4c6 = 6) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r5c5 = 5) AND (r5c8 = 6) AND (r6c1 = 3) AND (r6c5 = 2) AND (r7c1 = 5) AND (r7c3 = 8) AND (r7c4 = 7) AND (r7c5 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 9) AND (r9c1 = 2) AND (r9c3 = 6) AND (r9c9 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 5) AND (r1c3 = 2) AND (r1c4 = 9) AND (r2c7 = 8) AND (r3c8 = 4) AND (r3c9 = 6) AND (r4c2 = 1) AND (r4c6 = 2) AND (r4c9 = 3) AND (r5c1 = 3) AND (r5c2 = 7) AND (r6c6 = 4) AND (r7c8 = 7) AND (r8c1 = 6) AND (r8c4 = 5) AND (r8c6 = 1) AND (r9c1 = 4) AND (r9c4 = 3) AND (r9c6 = 9) AND (r9c7 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 7) AND (r1c5 = 6) AND (r1c6 = 4) AND (r1c8 = 2) AND (r1c9 = 5) AND (r2c2 = 5) AND (r2c6 = 9) AND (r2c9 = 1) AND (r3c5 = 2) AND (r3c8 = 4) AND (r3c9 = 9) AND (r4c1 = 5) AND (r4c3 = 6) AND (r4c6 = 3) AND (r4c8 = 1) AND (r5c1 = 4) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r6c2 = 1) AND (r7c1 = 3) AND (r7c2 = 6) AND (r7c3 = 9) AND (r7c4 = 4) AND (r7c8 = 5) AND (r8c3 = 5) AND (r8c6 = 6) AND (r9c1 = 7) AND (r9c9 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 9) AND (r1c5 = 6) AND (r1c6 = 5) AND (r1c9 = 7) AND (r2c1 = 5) AND (r2c6 = 3) AND (r2c8 = 6) AND (r2c9 = 8) AND (r3c3 = 8) AND (r3c4 = 4) AND (r3c9 = 9) AND (r4c3 = 2) AND (r5c5 = 5) AND (r5c9 = 3) AND (r6c3 = 6) AND (r6c6 = 7) AND (r7c5 = 9) AND (r7c7 = 2) AND (r8c4 = 3) AND (r8c7 = 4) AND (r9c1 = 6) AND (r9c8 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 7) AND (r1c4 = 3) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r2c5 = 8) AND (r2c7 = 5) AND (r3c2 = 1) AND (r4c1 = 8) AND (r4c3 = 9) AND (r4c4 = 6) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r5c4 = 1) AND (r5c6 = 2) AND (r6c1 = 5) AND (r7c4 = 7) AND (r7c8 = 3) AND (r7c9 = 2) AND (r8c1 = 4) AND (r8c5 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c6 = 4) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r2c4 = 1) AND (r2c5 = 2) AND (r2c6 = 9) AND (r2c8 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 2) AND (r4c3 = 5) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r5c2 = 2) AND (r5c4 = 4) AND (r5c5 = 1) AND (r5c7 = 8) AND (r5c8 = 5) AND (r6c2 = 6) AND (r6c4 = 5) AND (r6c6 = 8) AND (r6c8 = 2) AND (r7c1 = 2) AND (r7c2 = 1) AND (r7c3 = 6) AND (r7c6 = 5) AND (r8c2 = 8) AND (r8c4 = 2) AND (r8c5 = 3) AND (r9c2 = 3) AND (r9c3 = 4) AND (r9c4 = 8) AND (r9c6 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 8) AND (r1c7 = 1) AND (r1c9 = 4) AND (r2c1 = 7) AND (r2c2 = 3) AND (r4c5 = 7) AND (r4c6 = 2) AND (r4c7 = 6) AND (r5c2 = 1) AND (r5c3 = 3) AND (r7c3 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 3) AND (r7c5 = 1) AND (r8c1 = 2) AND (r8c7 = 5) AND (r8c8 = 7) AND (r9c8 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 9) AND (r1c5 = 4) AND (r1c8 = 8) AND (r2c2 = 4) AND (r2c9 = 7) AND (r3c4 = 6) AND (r3c9 = 2) AND (r4c3 = 5) AND (r4c7 = 7) AND (r4c8 = 4) AND (r5c1 = 9) AND (r5c2 = 6) AND (r5c7 = 5) AND (r6c4 = 2) AND (r7c2 = 5) AND (r7c5 = 2) AND (r7c9 = 8) AND (r8c3 = 4) AND (r8c5 = 8) AND (r8c6 = 3) AND (r9c2 = 8) AND (r9c4 = 9) AND (r9c5 = 7) AND (r9c8 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 2) AND (r1c5 = 6) AND (r1c8 = 8) AND (r2c1 = 9) AND (r2c3 = 4) AND (r4c2 = 8) AND (r4c4 = 5) AND (r4c8 = 6) AND (r5c1 = 7) AND (r5c6 = 9) AND (r6c9 = 1) AND (r7c2 = 2) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r8c5 = 3) AND (r8c7 = 9) AND (r9c1 = 1) AND (r9c7 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 4) AND (r1c3 = 8) AND (r1c4 = 9) AND (r1c6 = 7) AND (r1c7 = 1) AND (r3c4 = 4) AND (r3c5 = 3) AND (r3c6 = 1) AND (r4c6 = 4) AND (r5c5 = 9) AND (r5c7 = 7) AND (r6c1 = 6) AND (r6c5 = 2) AND (r6c6 = 3) AND (r7c2 = 7) AND (r7c6 = 8) AND (r7c7 = 3) AND (r7c9 = 9) AND (r8c1 = 1) AND (r8c3 = 3) AND (r8c5 = 7) AND (r8c6 = 2) AND (r8c7 = 8) AND (r8c9 = 4) AND (r9c2 = 8) AND (r9c3 = 4) AND (r9c7 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 7) AND (r1c3 = 5) AND (r1c7 = 8) AND (r1c8 = 2) AND (r2c1 = 2) AND (r2c2 = 9) AND (r2c3 = 8) AND (r2c4 = 7) AND (r3c1 = 4) AND (r3c2 = 3) AND (r3c8 = 5) AND (r3c9 = 9) AND (r4c1 = 8) AND (r4c4 = 3) AND (r4c5 = 4) AND (r4c6 = 6) AND (r5c4 = 2) AND (r5c7 = 3) AND (r6c5 = 5) AND (r6c6 = 7) AND (r7c5 = 6) AND (r7c6 = 4) AND (r8c4 = 8) AND (r8c6 = 9) AND (r8c8 = 4) AND (r9c4 = 5) AND (r9c5 = 3) AND (r9c7 = 6) AND (r9c8 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 1) AND (r1c8 = 8) AND (r2c8 = 6) AND (r3c3 = 8) AND (r3c4 = 4) AND (r3c7 = 1) AND (r4c1 = 5) AND (r4c3 = 6) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r5c5 = 9) AND (r5c8 = 5) AND (r5c9 = 7) AND (r6c5 = 8) AND (r6c6 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 8) AND (r7c6 = 7) AND (r7c7 = 2) AND (r8c2 = 2) AND (r8c3 = 7) AND (r8c5 = 1) AND (r9c2 = 5) AND (r9c4 = 6) AND (r9c6 = 2) AND (r9c7 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 6) AND (r1c4 = 3) AND (r1c6 = 1) AND (r2c5 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 1) AND (r3c2 = 8) AND (r3c4 = 9) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r3c6 = 7) AND (r3c8 = 3) AND (r4c1 = 9) AND (r4c3 = 8) AND (r4c5 = 3) AND (r4c6 = 4) AND (r4c8 = 6) AND (r5c6 = 9) AND (r6c4 = 1) AND (r6c5 = 7) AND (r6c6 = 8) AND (r6c8 = 9) AND (r6c9 = 5) AND (r7c1 = 8) AND (r7c2 = 6) AND (r7c6 = 5) AND (r7c7 = 7) AND (r7c8 = 1) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c3 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 3) AND (r8c7 = 5) AND (r8c9 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c8 = 4) AND (r2c1 = 6) AND (r2c4 = 3) AND (r2c5 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 7) AND (r3c4 = 7) AND (r3c5 = 9) AND (r3c6 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 6) AND (r4c8 = 3) AND (r5c5 = 1) AND (r6c3 = 7) AND (r6c4 = 4) AND (r6c9 = 2) AND (r7c2 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 8) AND (r7c9 = 6) AND (r8c1 = 3) AND (r8c2 = 1) AND (r9c2 = 9) AND (r9c7 = 2) AND (r9c8 = 1) AND (r9c9 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 1) AND (r1c7 = 6) AND (r2c2 = 4) AND (r2c3 = 3) AND (r2c8 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 5) AND (r3c1 = 6) AND (r3c4 = 5) AND (r3c9 = 2) AND (r4c6 = 3) AND (r4c7 = 2) AND (r5c3 = 5) AND (r5c5 = 1) AND (r5c6 = 7) AND (r5c8 = 6) AND (r5c9 = 8) AND (r6c4 = 8) AND (r6c6 = 5) AND (r6c9 = 1) AND (r7c3 = 2) AND (r7c6 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 1) AND (r7c8 = 3) AND (r7c9 = 4) AND (r8c1 = 4) AND (r8c6 = 1) AND (r8c8 = 2) AND (r8c9 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 4) AND (r1c5 = 2) AND (r1c6 = 9) AND (r1c7 = 3) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r2c1 = 3) AND (r2c2 = 8) AND (r2c4 = 1) AND (r2c5 = 4) AND (r2c8 = 2) AND (r3c2 = 9) AND (r4c2 = 1) AND (r4c3 = 9) AND (r4c4 = 8) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r5c4 = 4) AND (r5c5 = 9) AND (r5c9 = 7) AND (r6c6 = 3) AND (r7c1 = 8) AND (r7c3 = 6) AND (r8c3 = 7) AND (r8c7 = 8) AND (r9c6 = 2) AND (r9c8 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 1) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r2c1 = 6) AND (r2c5 = 7) AND (r2c6 = 2) AND (r3c9 = 9) AND (r4c1 = 1) AND (r4c2 = 8) AND (r4c4 = 2) AND (r4c7 = 5) AND (r6c6 = 5) AND (r6c8 = 9) AND (r6c9 = 4) AND (r7c1 = 7) AND (r7c2 = 5) AND (r7c7 = 9) AND (r8c1 = 4) AND (r8c6 = 6) AND (r8c7 = 8) AND (r8c8 = 5) AND (r9c3 = 6) AND (r9c5 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 6) AND (r1c6 = 7) AND (r1c7 = 5) AND (r2c5 = 5) AND (r2c8 = 6) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c2 = 5) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r3c7 = 9) AND (r3c8 = 8) AND (r3c9 = 1) AND (r4c1 = 1) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r5c4 = 9) AND (r5c9 = 2) AND (r6c2 = 9) AND (r6c7 = 1) AND (r7c3 = 4) AND (r7c5 = 1) AND (r7c6 = 5) AND (r7c9 = 9) AND (r8c1 = 8) AND (r8c5 = 7) AND (r8c9 = 6) AND (r9c6 = 2) AND (r9c8 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 9) AND (r1c5 = 6) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c3 = 7) AND (r2c5 = 9) AND (r2c6 = 1) AND (r2c9 = 5) AND (r3c3 = 3) AND (r3c4 = 7) AND (r3c6 = 8) AND (r4c8 = 3) AND (r5c1 = 5) AND (r5c3 = 6) AND (r5c5 = 2) AND (r5c6 = 9) AND (r5c7 = 7) AND (r6c1 = 2) AND (r6c3 = 1) AND (r6c6 = 7) AND (r7c1 = 3) AND (r7c3 = 9) AND (r7c6 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 1) AND (r7c8 = 2) AND (r8c2 = 6) AND (r8c3 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 2) AND (r9c1 = 1) AND (r9c4 = 9) AND (r9c5 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 3) AND (r1c7 = 7) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r2c1 = 8) AND (r2c5 = 2) AND (r2c6 = 6) AND (r2c8 = 5) AND (r3c1 = 4) AND (r3c2 = 5) AND (r4c8 = 1) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r5c4 = 8) AND (r5c6 = 5) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r5c9 = 7) AND (r6c9 = 8) AND (r7c1 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 8) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r8c2 = 3) AND (r8c4 = 5) AND (r8c7 = 6) AND (r8c8 = 2) AND (r9c3 = 7) AND (r9c6 = 2) AND (r9c9 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 9) AND (r2c2 = 1) AND (r2c5 = 8) AND (r2c6 = 6) AND (r2c7 = 4) AND (r3c2 = 4) AND (r4c3 = 8) AND (r4c7 = 1) AND (r4c8 = 3) AND (r5c1 = 5) AND (r5c2 = 3) AND (r6c2 = 7) AND (r6c3 = 1) AND (r6c5 = 3) AND (r6c7 = 5) AND (r7c3 = 7) AND (r7c4 = 4) AND (r7c8 = 1) AND (r8c2 = 5) AND (r8c3 = 4) AND (r8c4 = 7) AND (r8c5 = 9) AND (r8c7 = 6) AND (r8c9 = 8) AND (r9c2 = 6) AND (r9c3 = 9) AND (r9c4 = 8) AND (r9c5 = 5) AND (r9c6 = 1) AND (r9c7 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 7) AND (r1c3 = 8) AND (r1c5 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 9) AND (r2c9 = 1) AND (r3c1 = 3) AND (r4c2 = 4) AND (r4c3 = 6) AND (r5c5 = 3) AND (r5c7 = 7) AND (r6c4 = 5) AND (r7c2 = 5) AND (r7c4 = 9) AND (r7c6 = 6) AND (r8c4 = 4) AND (r8c8 = 1) AND (r9c1 = 2) AND (r9c7 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c7 = 3) AND (r1c9 = 2) AND (r2c3 = 8) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r4c9 = 4) AND (r5c2 = 5) AND (r5c5 = 7) AND (r5c8 = 2) AND (r6c2 = 7) AND (r6c4 = 3) AND (r6c5 = 8) AND (r6c6 = 4) AND (r6c8 = 5) AND (r7c2 = 9) AND (r7c3 = 7) AND (r7c6 = 8) AND (r7c9 = 5) AND (r8c2 = 8) AND (r8c3 = 2) AND (r8c5 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 7) AND (r8c8 = 4) AND (r9c2 = 1) AND (r9c3 = 5) AND (r9c4 = 4) AND (r9c5 = 2) AND (r9c9 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 7) AND (r1c6 = 5) AND (r2c1 = 6) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c1 = 8) AND (r3c2 = 5) AND (r3c6 = 7) AND (r4c6 = 8) AND (r4c9 = 6) AND (r5c1 = 9) AND (r5c2 = 6) AND (r5c5 = 4) AND (r5c7 = 5) AND (r6c3 = 1) AND (r6c6 = 3) AND (r6c7 = 8) AND (r7c3 = 4) AND (r7c5 = 7) AND (r8c1 = 3) AND (r8c4 = 8) AND (r8c7 = 9) AND (r8c9 = 7) AND (r9c2 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 8) AND (r1c5 = 7) AND (r1c8 = 2) AND (r2c7 = 6) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 6) AND (r3c4 = 9) AND (r3c6 = 5) AND (r3c7 = 3) AND (r4c4 = 5) AND (r4c6 = 7) AND (r5c5 = 9) AND (r5c8 = 8) AND (r5c9 = 2) AND (r6c7 = 5) AND (r7c1 = 2) AND (r7c2 = 3) AND (r7c6 = 4) AND (r7c9 = 9) AND (r8c1 = 4) AND (r8c4 = 7) AND (r8c5 = 6) AND (r8c9 = 5) AND (r9c1 = 5) AND (r9c5 = 3) AND (r9c6 = 9) AND (r9c8 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 6) AND (r1c4 = 8) AND (r1c6 = 9) AND (r1c9 = 5) AND (r2c1 = 5) AND (r2c6 = 4) AND (r3c1 = 9) AND (r3c2 = 2) AND (r3c7 = 6) AND (r4c3 = 1) AND (r4c7 = 3) AND (r5c3 = 3) AND (r5c5 = 8) AND (r5c9 = 6) AND (r6c1 = 6) AND (r6c4 = 1) AND (r6c5 = 9) AND (r6c8 = 5) AND (r6c9 = 8) AND (r7c9 = 3) AND (r8c6 = 2) AND (r9c4 = 6) AND (r9c7 = 1) AND (r9c9 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c7 = 6) AND (r1c9 = 7) AND (r2c4 = 7) AND (r2c5 = 9) AND (r2c8 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 8) AND (r3c7 = 5) AND (r3c8 = 4) AND (r4c2 = 4) AND (r4c3 = 3) AND (r4c5 = 1) AND (r4c9 = 5) AND (r5c3 = 5) AND (r5c8 = 6) AND (r6c2 = 6) AND (r6c5 = 3) AND (r6c7 = 4) AND (r7c1 = 6) AND (r7c4 = 3) AND (r7c6 = 9) AND (r7c7 = 8) AND (r8c6 = 5) AND (r8c8 = 9) AND (r9c1 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c6 = 2) AND (r2c2 = 4) AND (r2c6 = 6) AND (r2c8 = 7) AND (r2c9 = 1) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c4 = 3) AND (r3c7 = 4) AND (r4c4 = 9) AND (r4c5 = 4) AND (r5c3 = 6) AND (r5c6 = 1) AND (r5c9 = 7) AND (r6c3 = 1) AND (r6c5 = 2) AND (r6c6 = 7) AND (r7c1 = 7) AND (r7c3 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 1) AND (r7c5 = 6) AND (r7c8 = 9) AND (r7c9 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 9) AND (r9c1 = 6) AND (r9c2 = 1) AND (r9c5 = 5) AND (r9c8 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 7) AND (r1c6 = 1) AND (r1c8 = 4) AND (r2c1 = 8) AND (r2c3 = 9) AND (r2c4 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 1) AND (r3c4 = 8) AND (r3c6 = 7) AND (r3c7 = 2) AND (r3c9 = 5) AND (r4c1 = 5) AND (r5c3 = 4) AND (r5c4 = 6) AND (r5c8 = 8) AND (r6c3 = 7) AND (r6c4 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 9) AND (r7c8 = 6) AND (r7c9 = 8) AND (r8c1 = 9) AND (r8c3 = 5) AND (r8c4 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 8) AND (r8c7 = 4) AND (r8c8 = 7) AND (r9c1 = 4) AND (r9c3 = 8) AND (r9c5 = 2) AND (r9c8 = 5) AND (r9c9 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 7) AND (r1c3 = 8) AND (r1c9 = 4) AND (r2c1 = 6) AND (r2c3 = 2) AND (r2c7 = 5) AND (r2c8 = 8) AND (r3c1 = 5) AND (r3c2 = 4) AND (r3c5 = 2) AND (r3c7 = 1) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r3c9 = 7) AND (r4c7 = 8) AND (r4c8 = 4) AND (r5c1 = 2) AND (r5c7 = 7) AND (r5c9 = 5) AND (r6c1 = 4) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c3 = 5) AND (r6c6 = 1) AND (r6c8 = 2) AND (r7c1 = 7) AND (r7c4 = 3) AND (r7c6 = 4) AND (r8c9 = 2) AND (r9c1 = 8) AND (r9c2 = 5) AND (r9c6 = 6) AND (r9c7 = 4) AND (r9c8 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 5) AND (r1c9 = 3) AND (r2c3 = 6) AND (r2c6 = 1) AND (r2c8 = 8) AND (r3c4 = 4) AND (r3c7 = 6) AND (r3c9 = 2) AND (r4c9 = 1) AND (r5c4 = 9) AND (r5c6 = 8) AND (r5c7 = 5) AND (r6c5 = 3) AND (r6c6 = 6) AND (r6c7 = 8) AND (r7c1 = 4) AND (r7c7 = 1) AND (r7c8 = 9) AND (r8c1 = 8) AND (r8c3 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 1) AND (r8c8 = 4) AND (r9c4 = 6) AND (r9c6 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 9) AND (r1c5 = 3) AND (r2c3 = 6) AND (r2c4 = 2) AND (r2c6 = 8) AND (r3c4 = 9) AND (r3c5 = 7) AND (r3c9 = 5) AND (r5c1 = 2) AND (r5c3 = 9) AND (r5c4 = 8) AND (r5c6 = 3) AND (r6c4 = 6) AND (r6c6 = 7) AND (r6c9 = 9) AND (r7c1 = 7) AND (r7c2 = 5) AND (r7c8 = 8) AND (r7c9 = 4) AND (r8c2 = 4) AND (r8c3 = 8) AND (r8c5 = 5) AND (r8c7 = 6) AND (r8c9 = 3) AND (r9c3 = 2) AND (r9c8 = 5) AND (r9c9 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 1) AND (r1c5 = 2) AND (r2c4 = 1) AND (r2c9 = 8) AND (r3c2 = 8) AND (r3c4 = 3) AND (r3c6 = 7) AND (r3c8 = 1) AND (r4c2 = 5) AND (r4c3 = 7) AND (r4c8 = 3) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r5c7 = 6) AND (r6c1 = 8) AND (r6c7 = 5) AND (r6c8 = 7) AND (r6c9 = 4) AND (r7c2 = 7) AND (r7c9 = 3) AND (r8c3 = 4) AND (r8c4 = 7) AND (r8c7 = 1) AND (r8c8 = 2) AND (r9c1 = 2) AND (r9c3 = 5) AND (r9c7 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 8) AND (r1c2 = 1) AND (r1c6 = 3) AND (r1c7 = 9) AND (r2c2 = 6) AND (r2c8 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 2) AND (r3c1 = 2) AND (r3c4 = 7) AND (r3c7 = 3) AND (r4c2 = 8) AND (r4c5 = 3) AND (r4c6 = 6) AND (r5c2 = 9) AND (r5c5 = 1) AND (r5c7 = 4) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c3 = 6) AND (r6c6 = 9) AND (r7c3 = 2) AND (r8c5 = 8) AND (r8c8 = 7) AND (r9c9 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 7) AND (r1c5 = 8) AND (r1c7 = 4) AND (r2c1 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 2) AND (r4c1 = 1) AND (r4c3 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 3) AND (r5c7 = 8) AND (r5c8 = 5) AND (r6c1 = 2) AND (r7c2 = 8) AND (r7c3 = 4) AND (r7c8 = 3) AND (r8c4 = 2) AND (r8c6 = 1) AND (r9c5 = 5);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 4) AND (r1c3 = 9) AND (r2c6 = 7) AND (r3c2 = 6) AND (r3c7 = 4) AND (r4c1 = 9) AND (r4c2 = 1) AND (r4c4 = 7) AND (r4c8 = 3) AND (r4c9 = 6) AND (r5c4 = 3) AND (r5c5 = 5) AND (r5c7 = 1) AND (r5c8 = 4) AND (r6c1 = 2) AND (r7c4 = 5) AND (r7c8 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 3) AND (r8c3 = 6) AND (r8c5 = 2) AND (r9c2 = 2) AND (r9c4 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c5 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 4) AND (r1c9 = 6) AND (r2c6 = 1) AND (r2c8 = 7) AND (r3c1 = 3) AND (r3c3 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 9) AND (r3c7 = 5) AND (r3c9 = 1) AND (r4c2 = 5) AND (r4c5 = 9) AND (r4c6 = 4) AND (r5c4 = 2) AND (r6c1 = 9) AND (r6c5 = 7) AND (r6c9 = 3) AND (r7c1 = 4) AND (r7c5 = 6) AND (r7c6 = 7) AND (r7c8 = 2) AND (r7c9 = 5) AND (r9c1 = 6) AND (r9c4 = 5) AND (r9c5 = 1) AND (r9c6 = 3) AND (r9c9 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 7) AND (r1c4 = 2) AND (r1c6 = 4) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c1 = 4) AND (r2c2 = 9) AND (r2c4 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 7) AND (r2c8 = 5) AND (r2c9 = 2) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r4c1 = 1) AND (r4c2 = 3) AND (r4c8 = 9) AND (r4c9 = 7) AND (r5c3 = 9) AND (r5c7 = 2) AND (r6c1 = 5) AND (r6c2 = 4) AND (r6c8 = 6) AND (r6c9 = 3) AND (r7c5 = 2) AND (r8c1 = 2) AND (r8c2 = 5) AND (r8c4 = 7) AND (r8c6 = 1) AND (r8c8 = 8) AND (r8c9 = 6) AND (r9c2 = 1) AND (r9c4 = 6) AND (r9c6 = 3) AND (r9c8 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 5) AND (r1c6 = 2) AND (r1c9 = 4) AND (r2c1 = 7) AND (r2c3 = 2) AND (r2c6 = 4) AND (r2c7 = 3) AND (r2c8 = 5) AND (r3c2 = 1) AND (r3c6 = 3) AND (r3c7 = 9) AND (r4c1 = 3) AND (r4c3 = 7) AND (r4c4 = 5) AND (r4c6 = 8) AND (r4c7 = 2) AND (r6c7 = 7) AND (r6c9 = 8) AND (r7c2 = 7) AND (r7c3 = 1) AND (r7c5 = 8) AND (r7c6 = 5) AND (r7c7 = 4) AND (r8c1 = 4) AND (r8c3 = 3) AND (r8c9 = 2) AND (r9c1 = 2) AND (r9c3 = 8) AND (r9c5 = 3) AND (r9c9 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 8) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 2) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r4c8 = 6) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r5c7 = 8) AND (r6c2 = 5) AND (r7c5 = 7) AND (r7c7 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 9) AND (r8c2 = 4) AND (r8c4 = 1) AND (r9c2 = 6) AND (r9c9 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c9 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 4) AND (r2c8 = 8) AND (r3c2 = 4) AND (r3c4 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 1) AND (r3c8 = 2) AND (r4c1 = 5) AND (r4c2 = 6) AND (r4c3 = 2) AND (r4c5 = 7) AND (r4c7 = 3) AND (r4c8 = 4) AND (r5c1 = 1) AND (r5c3 = 7) AND (r5c6 = 3) AND (r5c9 = 2) AND (r6c1 = 4) AND (r6c2 = 3) AND (r6c5 = 6) AND (r6c8 = 7) AND (r7c9 = 7) AND (r8c6 = 6) AND (r8c7 = 8) AND (r8c9 = 4) AND (r9c1 = 3) AND (r9c4 = 8) AND (r9c6 = 7) AND (r9c7 = 2) AND (r9c8 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c6 = 3) AND (r2c1 = 7) AND (r2c7 = 8) AND (r2c8 = 5) AND (r3c2 = 8) AND (r3c4 = 4) AND (r3c5 = 9) AND (r3c8 = 7) AND (r4c3 = 4) AND (r5c2 = 3) AND (r5c4 = 1) AND (r5c5 = 8) AND (r6c1 = 6) AND (r6c3 = 9) AND (r6c9 = 4) AND (r8c3 = 6) AND (r8c5 = 5) AND (r8c9 = 3) AND (r9c5 = 6) AND (r9c9 = 1);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 9) AND (r1c6 = 4) AND (r1c8 = 8) AND (r1c9 = 6) AND (r2c3 = 6) AND (r2c4 = 3) AND (r2c7 = 7) AND (r3c2 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 8) AND (r3c8 = 3) AND (r3c9 = 5) AND (r4c2 = 9) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r5c3 = 1) AND (r6c1 = 4) AND (r6c3 = 5) AND (r6c4 = 9) AND (r6c6 = 6) AND (r7c1 = 7) AND (r7c2 = 8) AND (r7c3 = 4) AND (r7c5 = 6) AND (r7c6 = 9) AND (r7c9 = 3) AND (r8c6 = 3) AND (r9c1 = 6) AND (r9c4 = 1) AND (r9c5 = 4) AND (r9c6 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 5) AND (r1c4 = 9) AND (r1c7 = 1) AND (r2c4 = 4) AND (r2c7 = 9) AND (r3c1 = 6) AND (r3c2 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 2) AND (r3c7 = 5) AND (r4c1 = 4) AND (r4c9 = 6) AND (r5c3 = 1) AND (r5c5 = 3) AND (r6c8 = 3) AND (r6c9 = 4) AND (r7c1 = 7) AND (r7c2 = 2) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r8c4 = 7) AND (r9c8 = 5);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 2) AND (r1c5 = 1) AND (r1c7 = 4) AND (r2c3 = 3) AND (r2c5 = 9) AND (r2c7 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 5) AND (r3c1 = 7) AND (r3c3 = 5) AND (r4c4 = 9) AND (r4c7 = 6) AND (r4c9 = 3) AND (r5c1 = 9) AND (r6c3 = 2) AND (r6c6 = 5) AND (r7c5 = 2) AND (r7c8 = 4) AND (r8c6 = 9) AND (r8c8 = 2) AND (r8c9 = 7) AND (r9c3 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 3) AND (r1c6 = 5) AND (r2c1 = 4) AND (r2c4 = 8) AND (r2c5 = 6) AND (r2c6 = 9) AND (r2c9 = 5) AND (r3c1 = 8) AND (r4c3 = 9) AND (r4c6 = 2) AND (r4c8 = 5) AND (r4c9 = 6) AND (r5c1 = 1) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c1 = 6) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c4 = 9) AND (r6c5 = 3) AND (r6c8 = 2) AND (r6c9 = 4) AND (r7c2 = 3) AND (r7c3 = 8) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r7c9 = 9) AND (r8c1 = 5) AND (r9c3 = 6) AND (r9c9 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 7) AND (r1c9 = 1) AND (r2c3 = 2) AND (r2c4 = 9) AND (r2c8 = 5) AND (r3c1 = 8) AND (r3c7 = 4) AND (r4c3 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 2) AND (r4c5 = 5) AND (r5c6 = 7) AND (r6c4 = 3) AND (r6c6 = 6) AND (r6c8 = 9) AND (r7c1 = 4) AND (r7c7 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 1) AND (r8c9 = 8) AND (r9c3 = 5) AND (r9c5 = 3) AND (r9c8 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 3) AND (r1c4 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 8) AND (r2c1 = 7) AND (r2c5 = 2) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c6 = 7) AND (r4c4 = 2) AND (r4c6 = 1) AND (r5c1 = 5) AND (r5c2 = 2) AND (r6c2 = 4) AND (r6c5 = 8) AND (r6c7 = 7) AND (r7c4 = 3) AND (r7c8 = 2) AND (r8c5 = 9) AND (r8c6 = 8) AND (r8c7 = 3) AND (r9c2 = 1) AND (r9c3 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 8) AND (r1c2 = 1) AND (r1c3 = 2) AND (r1c5 = 3) AND (r2c1 = 4) AND (r2c7 = 5) AND (r3c4 = 7) AND (r3c7 = 2) AND (r3c8 = 3) AND (r4c1 = 2) AND (r4c4 = 8) AND (r4c5 = 5) AND (r5c1 = 3) AND (r5c4 = 1) AND (r5c5 = 6) AND (r5c6 = 7) AND (r5c7 = 8) AND (r5c9 = 5) AND (r6c4 = 4) AND (r6c8 = 7) AND (r6c9 = 6) AND (r7c1 = 1) AND (r7c5 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 6) AND (r8c3 = 5) AND (r8c9 = 8) AND (r9c9 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c7 = 8) AND (r2c1 = 2) AND (r2c2 = 8) AND (r2c3 = 3) AND (r2c7 = 4) AND (r2c8 = 1) AND (r3c4 = 2) AND (r4c3 = 1) AND (r4c4 = 3) AND (r4c9 = 6) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r5c4 = 1) AND (r5c6 = 6) AND (r5c8 = 5) AND (r5c9 = 4) AND (r6c6 = 5) AND (r6c8 = 7) AND (r7c1 = 1) AND (r7c3 = 5) AND (r8c4 = 4) AND (r8c8 = 3) AND (r8c9 = 1) AND (r9c1 = 3) AND (r9c3 = 8) AND (r9c6 = 1) AND (r9c7 = 6) AND (r9c8 = 2) AND (r9c9 = 5);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c6 = 5) AND (r1c9 = 1) AND (r2c2 = 6) AND (r2c5 = 7) AND (r2c7 = 2) AND (r3c2 = 1) AND (r3c3 = 7) AND (r4c3 = 3) AND (r4c4 = 5) AND (r4c5 = 2) AND (r5c4 = 8) AND (r5c5 = 3) AND (r5c7 = 1) AND (r5c9 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 7) AND (r7c9 = 5) AND (r8c3 = 2) AND (r8c6 = 1) AND (r8c9 = 3) AND (r9c1 = 3) AND (r9c2 = 4) AND (r9c9 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 7) AND (r1c4 = 5) AND (r1c6 = 8) AND (r1c8 = 6) AND (r2c1 = 8) AND (r2c5 = 1) AND (r2c9 = 7) AND (r3c2 = 9) AND (r3c8 = 8) AND (r4c3 = 8) AND (r4c4 = 6) AND (r4c6 = 9) AND (r4c7 = 7) AND (r5c2 = 5) AND (r5c3 = 9) AND (r5c4 = 2) AND (r5c6 = 7) AND (r5c7 = 8) AND (r5c8 = 1) AND (r6c3 = 7) AND (r6c4 = 1) AND (r6c6 = 3) AND (r6c7 = 5) AND (r7c2 = 3) AND (r7c8 = 4) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c5 = 6) AND (r8c9 = 2) AND (r9c2 = 6) AND (r9c4 = 8) AND (r9c6 = 4) AND (r9c8 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 8) AND (r1c7 = 7) AND (r1c8 = 4) AND (r2c1 = 5) AND (r2c3 = 1) AND (r3c1 = 3) AND (r3c8 = 9) AND (r4c2 = 9) AND (r4c4 = 2) AND (r4c7 = 5) AND (r5c4 = 6) AND (r5c5 = 8) AND (r6c7 = 3) AND (r7c5 = 3) AND (r7c6 = 1) AND (r8c2 = 2) AND (r8c9 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 3) AND (r1c7 = 5) AND (r1c9 = 9) AND (r2c1 = 9) AND (r2c2 = 8) AND (r2c3 = 6) AND (r2c5 = 2) AND (r2c7 = 3) AND (r3c3 = 2) AND (r3c9 = 1) AND (r4c7 = 1) AND (r4c8 = 7) AND (r5c4 = 5) AND (r5c6 = 7) AND (r7c1 = 7) AND (r7c6 = 3) AND (r7c7 = 8) AND (r7c8 = 6) AND (r8c3 = 8) AND (r8c4 = 2) AND (r8c5 = 6) AND (r9c2 = 5) AND (r9c9 = 3);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 4) AND (r1c9 = 3) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c5 = 5) AND (r2c9 = 9) AND (r3c2 = 9) AND (r3c3 = 5) AND (r3c5 = 3) AND (r3c8 = 8) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r6c1 = 6) AND (r6c6 = 9) AND (r6c7 = 7) AND (r7c1 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 7) AND (r7c7 = 6) AND (r7c8 = 2) AND (r8c4 = 6) AND (r8c9 = 5) AND (r9c1 = 3) AND (r9c4 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 9) AND (r2c5 = 6) AND (r2c8 = 1) AND (r3c6 = 5) AND (r4c2 = 1) AND (r4c6 = 9) AND (r5c1 = 8) AND (r5c5 = 4) AND (r6c1 = 4) AND (r6c2 = 2) AND (r6c4 = 8) AND (r6c8 = 3) AND (r7c4 = 9) AND (r7c7 = 5) AND (r7c9 = 3) AND (r8c2 = 8) AND (r8c3 = 5) AND (r8c4 = 3) AND (r8c9 = 1) AND (r9c4 = 1) AND (r9c6 = 2) AND (r9c8 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c1 = 3) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c4 = 9) AND (r2c9 = 5) AND (r3c2 = 8) AND (r3c4 = 4) AND (r3c5 = 5) AND (r4c3 = 2) AND (r4c4 = 5) AND (r4c6 = 3) AND (r5c8 = 5) AND (r5c9 = 9) AND (r6c1 = 7) AND (r6c9 = 3) AND (r7c3 = 7) AND (r8c1 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 4) AND (r8c7 = 1) AND (r9c2 = 9) AND (r9c3 = 1) AND (r9c4 = 3) AND (r9c7 = 5) AND (r9c8 = 2) AND (r9c9 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 8) AND (r1c4 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 4) AND (r2c1 = 5) AND (r2c4 = 3) AND (r2c6 = 8) AND (r3c1 = 2) AND (r3c7 = 9) AND (r4c2 = 6) AND (r4c5 = 7) AND (r5c1 = 4) AND (r5c2 = 3) AND (r5c7 = 6) AND (r6c3 = 5) AND (r6c5 = 8) AND (r7c3 = 9) AND (r7c9 = 6) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c7 = 5) AND (r9c2 = 8) AND (r9c4 = 4) AND (r9c6 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 9) AND (r1c4 = 3) AND (r1c6 = 5) AND (r1c7 = 7) AND (r2c2 = 3) AND (r2c4 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 2) AND (r3c3 = 8) AND (r3c5 = 2) AND (r3c7 = 6) AND (r4c3 = 2) AND (r4c8 = 9) AND (r4c9 = 7) AND (r5c2 = 7) AND (r5c3 = 6) AND (r5c5 = 5) AND (r5c7 = 1) AND (r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c7 = 3) AND (r7c4 = 9) AND (r7c9 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 1) AND (r9c8 = 6);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 1) AND (r1c6 = 6) AND (r1c9 = 7) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c4 = 5) AND (r2c7 = 8) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c4 = 7) AND (r3c9 = 6) AND (r4c1 = 7) AND (r4c3 = 5) AND (r5c3 = 1) AND (r5c5 = 3) AND (r5c7 = 2) AND (r5c8 = 9) AND (r7c5 = 9) AND (r7c6 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 2) AND (r8c9 = 3) AND (r9c1 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 2) AND (r1c2 = 9) AND (r1c4 = 1) AND (r1c5 = 4) AND (r2c5 = 5) AND (r2c6 = 8) AND (r3c1 = 1) AND (r3c2 = 8) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r3c7 = 5) AND (r4c1 = 8) AND (r4c9 = 2) AND (r5c2 = 1) AND (r5c4 = 7) AND (r5c9 = 6) AND (r6c7 = 7) AND (r6c8 = 9) AND (r7c1 = 4) AND (r7c7 = 2) AND (r7c8 = 1) AND (r8c9 = 9) AND (r9c1 = 7) AND (r9c4 = 2) AND (r9c7 = 4) AND (r9c9 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 6) AND (r1c3 = 1) AND (r1c5 = 9) AND (r3c1 = 9) AND (r3c3 = 7) AND (r3c5 = 4) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r4c3 = 8) AND (r4c8 = 4) AND (r5c1 = 7) AND (r5c2 = 3) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r5c8 = 9) AND (r6c1 = 1) AND (r6c8 = 7) AND (r7c2 = 8) AND (r7c3 = 4) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r7c5 = 1) AND (r7c9 = 9) AND (r8c1 = 2) AND (r8c3 = 9) AND (r8c5 = 8) AND (r8c6 = 4) AND (r8c7 = 3) AND (r9c5 = 2) AND (r9c6 = 7) AND (r9c8 = 8) AND (r9c9 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 4) AND (r1c6 = 1) AND (r1c8 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 5) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 3) AND (r4c9 = 7) AND (r5c3 = 1) AND (r5c7 = 6) AND (r6c1 = 6) AND (r6c6 = 2) AND (r7c5 = 4) AND (r7c7 = 1) AND (r8c1 = 9) AND (r8c2 = 7) AND (r9c2 = 3) AND (r9c4 = 5);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 8) AND (r1c2 = 9) AND (r2c1 = 3) AND (r2c3 = 6) AND (r2c5 = 4) AND (r3c2 = 1) AND (r3c3 = 4) AND (r4c2 = 7) AND (r4c9 = 1) AND (r5c3 = 1) AND (r5c5 = 6) AND (r6c1 = 2) AND (r6c6 = 7) AND (r6c7 = 9) AND (r6c9 = 8) AND (r7c1 = 7) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND (r7c5 = 2) AND (r7c6 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 8) AND (r7c9 = 3) AND (r8c4 = 7) AND (r8c6 = 3) AND (r8c7 = 4) AND (r8c8 = 9) AND (r9c2 = 3) AND (r9c5 = 8) AND (r9c6 = 9) AND (r9c8 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 4) AND (r2c2 = 4) AND (r2c5 = 7) AND (r2c8 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 6) AND (r3c1 = 2) AND (r3c5 = 3) AND (r3c6 = 6) AND (r3c8 = 8) AND (r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c5 = 4) AND (r4c9 = 7) AND (r5c1 = 1) AND (r5c6 = 3) AND (r5c8 = 6) AND (r6c4 = 6) AND (r6c8 = 2) AND (r7c1 = 3) AND (r7c5 = 5) AND (r7c8 = 1) AND (r8c2 = 5) AND (r8c4 = 7) AND (r8c5 = 8) AND (r8c6 = 2) AND (r9c9 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 8) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c6 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 5) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 4) AND (r4c8 = 7) AND (r5c3 = 2) AND (r5c7 = 6) AND (r6c2 = 1) AND (r6c6 = 5) AND (r7c5 = 8) AND (r7c7 = 2) AND (r8c1 = 7) AND (r8c2 = 3) AND (r8c4 = 1) AND (r9c2 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 8) AND (r1c4 = 4) AND (r1c5 = 3) AND (r1c7 = 9) AND (r1c8 = 1) AND (r2c1 = 3) AND (r2c5 = 9) AND (r3c2 = 4) AND (r3c4 = 7) AND (r3c6 = 1) AND (r3c9 = 6) AND (r4c2 = 7) AND (r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c5 = 4) AND (r4c7 = 5) AND (r5c1 = 6) AND (r5c3 = 3) AND (r6c1 = 5) AND (r6c2 = 1) AND (r6c8 = 8) AND (r7c1 = 7) AND (r7c3 = 6) AND (r7c4 = 8) AND (r7c8 = 9) AND (r8c2 = 3) AND (r8c4 = 9) AND (r9c2 = 9) AND (r9c4 = 3) AND (r9c9 = 8);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 7) AND (r1c3 = 1) AND (r1c4 = 2) AND (r1c5 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 8) AND (r2c1 = 8) AND (r2c3 = 6) AND (r2c5 = 7) AND (r2c6 = 4) AND (r2c9 = 5) AND (r3c2 = 9) AND (r3c3 = 4) AND (r3c6 = 6) AND (r3c7 = 7) AND (r5c3 = 8) AND (r5c4 = 6) AND (r5c6 = 5) AND (r5c9 = 9) AND (r6c4 = 8) AND (r6c5 = 2) AND (r6c6 = 1) AND (r6c8 = 4) AND (r6c9 = 6) AND (r7c1 = 6) AND (r7c6 = 8) AND (r7c9 = 1) AND (r8c1 = 1) AND (r8c3 = 9) AND (r8c9 = 7) AND (r9c2 = 4);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 1) AND (r1c5 = 5) AND (r1c7 = 6) AND (r2c1 = 8) AND (r2c3 = 7) AND (r3c1 = 3) AND (r4c4 = 7) AND (r4c6 = 8) AND (r4c8 = 3) AND (r5c2 = 1) AND (r5c7 = 4) AND (r7c2 = 4) AND (r7c5 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 2) AND (r8c1 = 5) AND (r8c8 = 8) AND (r9c4 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 7) AND (r1c5 = 9) AND (r1c7 = 2) AND (r2c3 = 6) AND (r2c7 = 3) AND (r2c9 = 8) AND (r3c2 = 5) AND (r3c5 = 8) AND (r3c6 = 3) AND (r3c8 = 7) AND (r3c9 = 9) AND (r4c3 = 4) AND (r4c4 = 3) AND (r4c7 = 7) AND (r4c8 = 6) AND (r5c7 = 8) AND (r5c9 = 2) AND (r6c1 = 5) AND (r6c2 = 6) AND (r8c2 = 8) AND (r8c3 = 9) AND (r8c4 = 5) AND (r8c6 = 6) AND (r9c1 = 3) AND (r9c2 = 2) AND (r9c9 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c3 = 2) AND (r1c4 = 8) AND (r1c6 = 1) AND (r1c7 = 5) AND (r1c8 = 4) AND (r2c5 = 3) AND (r3c4 = 4) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 5) AND (r4c1 = 8) AND (r4c3 = 3) AND (r4c6 = 9) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r4c9 = 5) AND (r5c2 = 5) AND (r5c6 = 3) AND (r5c9 = 1) AND (r6c3 = 6) AND (r6c7 = 3) AND (r7c4 = 2) AND (r7c6 = 4) AND (r8c3 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 8) AND (r8c7 = 6) AND (r8c8 = 2) AND (r9c3 = 9) AND (r9c5 = 5);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c4 = 1) AND (r2c1 = 1) AND (r2c2 = 2) AND (r2c5 = 9) AND (r2c8 = 7) AND (r3c5 = 7) AND (r3c6 = 6) AND (r5c2 = 6) AND (r5c5 = 3) AND (r5c6 = 9) AND (r5c8 = 1) AND (r6c1 = 5) AND (r6c3 = 9) AND (r6c4 = 4) AND (r6c6 = 7) AND (r6c8 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 2) AND (r7c6 = 3) AND (r7c7 = 4) AND (r7c8 = 5) AND (r8c1 = 6) AND (r8c4 = 7) AND (r8c5 = 2) AND (r8c8 = 3) AND (r8c9 = 9) AND (r9c2 = 7) AND (r9c4 = 9) AND (r9c5 = 4) AND (r9c6 = 1) AND (r9c8 = 6) AND (r9c9 = 2);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 2) AND (r2c3 = 5) AND (r2c5 = 3) AND (r2c6 = 9) AND (r2c7 = 8) AND (r3c1 = 8) AND (r3c2 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c5 = 7) AND (r4c3 = 7) AND (r4c4 = 3) AND (r4c5 = 2) AND (r4c6 = 6) AND (r5c4 = 7) AND (r5c5 = 4) AND (r5c6 = 8) AND (r5c9 = 3) AND (r6c6 = 5) AND (r7c3 = 3) AND (r7c5 = 6) AND (r7c9 = 5) AND (r8c2 = 5) AND (r8c4 = 9) AND (r8c8 = 6) AND (r9c1 = 4) AND (r9c3 = 8) AND (r9c5 = 5) AND (r9c6 = 7) AND (r9c8 = 3) AND (r9c9 = 9);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 1) AND (r1c2 = 9) AND (r2c1 = 8) AND (r2c5 = 7) AND (r2c8 = 1) AND (r2c9 = 6) AND (r3c2 = 7) AND (r3c4 = 2) AND (r3c7 = 5) AND (r3c9 = 3) AND (r4c8 = 2) AND (r4c9 = 7) AND (r5c2 = 3) AND (r5c9 = 8) AND (r6c1 = 9) AND (r6c3 = 5) AND (r7c2 = 1) AND (r7c3 = 8) AND (r7c6 = 2) AND (r7c8 = 3) AND (r8c9 = 2) AND (r9c2 = 6) AND (r9c5 = 1) AND (r9c8 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c1 = 8) AND (r1c3 = 5) AND (r1c9 = 2) AND (r2c4 = 9) AND (r2c6 = 1) AND (r3c1 = 3) AND (r4c2 = 6) AND (r4c4 = 7) AND (r4c7 = 4) AND (r5c1 = 2) AND (r5c5 = 5) AND (r6c8 = 6) AND (r7c4 = 3) AND (r7c5 = 8) AND (r8c2 = 1) AND (r8c7 = 9) AND (r9c2 = 4) AND (r9c8 = 7);
SELECT * FROM sudoku_memory_combined_view WHERE (r1c2 = 8) AND (r2c1 = 1) AND (r2c3 = 7) AND (r2c7 = 8) AND (r2c9 = 3) AND (r3c6 = 6) AND (r3c9 = 1) AND (r4c2 = 2) AND (r5c1 = 3) AND (r5c5 = 1) AND (r6c3 = 8) AND (r6c4 = 5) AND (r6c7 = 6) AND (r6c8 = 9) AND (r7c5 = 3) AND (r7c6 = 7) AND (r7c7 = 9) AND (r8c6 = 1) AND (r9c1 = 5) AND (r9c2 = 9);
UPDATE tests SET fin = NOW() WHERE fin IS NULL;
SELECT TO_SECONDS(fin) - TO_SECONDS(debut) FROM tests;

6. Gosser à la main!

Maintenant que nous avons un échantillon représentatif et significatif et tout ce qu’il nous faut pour mesurer, de façon répétable et facile, chacun des changements que nous voulons effectuer, nous sommes en mesure de vérifier l’impact de 2 variables importantes : optimizer_search_depth et join_buffer_size.

Tout d’abord, la variable optimizer_search_depth dont voici les différents résultats :

Il est clair que cette variable a un impact majeur.  Nous savons maintenant que la valeur optimale de cette variable (dans notre cas précis) est 1.

On serait tenté de croire que la variable join_buffer_size pourrait avoir un impact non négligeable mais ce n’est pas le cas ici.

Les différences de temps (hormis pour la valeur 2Mb) ne sont pas assez significatives pour indiquer une tendance.  Malgré tout, théoriquement, cette variable devrait avoir un impact.  Pour les biens de la cause, autant avoir plus de mémoire que moins pour cette variable!  Je vous recommande donc 128Mb (plus, dans notre cas, serait un gaspillage de mémoire).

Finalement, pour mettre en valeur la différence entre une solution utilisant une table sur disque versus notre solution finale (une table en mémoire), l’histogramme suivant parle de lui-même!

Voilà!  CQFD. En espérant que cette série d’articles vous aura permis de constater que parfois, il est nécessaire de penser out of the box et d’envisager des solutions saugrenues pour arriver à ses fins.

7. Ressources et outils

Quelques-unes des ressources et des outils utilisés dans le cadre de cette série d’articles:

setbb.com : des forums de discussion sur le sudoku (en anglais) pour les programmeurs

enjoysudoku.com : des forums de discussions (en anglais) variés et nombreux sur les sudokus

QQWing : un outil (en ligne de commande) permettant de solutionner et de générer des grilles de sudoku

SudoCue : une application permettant de solutionner et générer des sudokus

Sudoku Explainer : une application permettant de solutionner et générer des sudokus

R : langage de programmation et environnement mathématique utilisé pour le traitement de données et l’analyse statistique

db4free.net : un serveur MySQL vous permettant de créer une base de donnée gratuitement et d’expérimenter

Pharo : un environnement de développement Smalltalk

Comment presser un citron (deuxième partie)

Dans le premier article, nous avons vu combien il était facile de solutionner des grilles de sudoku avec une seule requête SQL. Malheureusement, c’était trop beau pour être vrai…

Avant de poursuivre, voici un outil utile pour se faciliter la tâche.  Pour ceux qui utilisent Smalltalk, vous pouvez vous aider du script suivant :

| uneTableOuVue uneStringSudoku stream estLePremier |

uneTableOuVue := 'sudoku_rows_view'.
uneStringSudoku := '.........134825697759364182397182564.........581476239825641973976538421.........'.

stream := ReadWriteStream on: String new.
stream
nextPutAll: 'SELECT * '; cr;
nextPutAll: 'FROM ';
nextPutAll: uneTableOuVue;
space; cr;
nextPutAll: 'WHERE'; cr.

estLePremier := false.
1 to: 9 do: [:r |
1 to: 9 do: [:c | | i |
i := (r-1)*9 + c.
((uneStringSudoku at: i) ~= $. and: [(uneStringSudoku at: i) ~= 0])
ifTrue: [    estLePremier ifTrue: [stream nextPutAll: ' AND ';cr].
estLePremier := true.
stream
nextPutAll: '(r'; nextPutAll: r asString;
nextPutAll: 'c'; nextPutAll: c asString;
nextPutAll: ' = ';
nextPutAll: (uneStringSudoku at: i) asString;
nextPutAll: ')'.
].]].
Transcript cr;show: stream contents

Ce script génère  les requêtes SQL à partir d’une chaîne de caractères (uneStringSudoku) représentant une grille de sudoku pour une table/vue précise (uneTableOuVue) en affichant le résultat dans le Transcript.

1. Problème majeur

Il y a une faille majeure et évidente dans la solution telle que présentée : elle repose totalement sur la capacité de MySQL de faire correspondre les révélés (givens en anglais) de la grille à des lignes. Que se passerait-il si une ligne (ou pire encore, plusieurs lignes) dans le sudoku ne contenait pas de révélés (ou pas assez)? Sans index à utiliser, une lecture séquentielle de la table nous attend sans doute! Prenons, par exemple, la grille suivante:

Ce sudoku contient 54 révélés (la première grille n’en comptait que 30, près de la moitié de celle-ci) et 6 de ses lignes seront rapidement récupérées avec les index.  De plus, il y a suffisamment de révélés pour éliminer rapidement un bon nombre de lignes candidates avec les contraintes du puzzle incluses dans la vue sudoku_rows_view.

Cependant les lignes vides (1, 5 et 9) causeront probablement une lecture séquentielle (table scan) de la table.  Nous faisons face à un problème majeur avec les lignes 1, 5 et 9 étant vides! Examinons la requête pour ce sudoku :

EXPLAIN
SELECT *
FROM sudoku_rows_view
WHERE
(r2c1 = 1) AND (r2c2 = 3) AND (r2c3 = 4) AND (r2c4 = 8) AND
(r2c5 = 2) AND (r2c6 = 5) AND (r2c7 = 6) AND (r2c8 = 9) AND
(r2c9 = 7) AND (r3c1 = 7) AND (r3c2 = 5) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND
(r3c4 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 4) AND (r3c7 = 1) AND
(r3c8 = 8) AND (r3c9 = 2) AND (r4c1 = 3) AND (r4c2 = 9) AND
(r4c3 = 7) AND (r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c5 = 8) AND (r4c6 = 2) AND
(r4c7 = 5) AND (r4c8 = 6) AND (r4c9 = 4) AND (r6c1 = 5) AND
(r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c3 = 1) AND (r6c4 = 4) AND (r6c5 = 7) AND
(r6c6 = 6) AND (r6c7 = 2) AND (r6c8 = 3) AND (r6c9 = 9) AND
(r7c1 = 8) AND (r7c2 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 5) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND
(r7c5 = 4) AND (r7c6 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 9) AND (r7c8 = 7) AND
(r7c9 = 3) AND (r8c1 = 9) AND (r8c2 = 7) AND (r8c3 = 6) AND
(r8c4 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 3) AND (r8c6 = 8) AND (r8c7 = 4) AND
(r8c8 = 2) AND (r8c9 = 1);

Le résultat du EXPLAIN :

+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type        | possible_keys                                                                                                                                      | key         | key_len | ref  | rows   | Extra                                                                            |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r2    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i37,i29     | 2,2     | NULL |     68 | Using intersect(i37,i29); Using where                                            |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r3    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i37,i28     | 2,2     | NULL |     68 | Using intersect(i37,i28); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r4    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i56,i29     | 2,2     | NULL |     68 | Using intersect(i56,i29); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r6    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12,i35     | 2,2     | NULL |     68 | Using intersect(i12,i35); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r7    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12,i68     | 2,2     | NULL |     68 | Using intersect(i12,i68); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r8    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i37,i79,i38 | 2,2,2   | NULL |     78 | Using intersect(i37,i79,i38); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r1    | range       | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23         | 1       | NULL |  40012 | Using index condition; Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)        |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r5    | ALL         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | NULL        | NULL    | NULL | 362880 | Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)                               |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r9    | ALL         | NULL                                                                                                                                               | NULL        | NULL    | NULL | 362880 | Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)                               |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
9 rows in set (13.39 sec)

Les lignes vides (lignes 1, 5 et 9) nous feront payer très chèrement le fait que nous ne pouvons pas utiliser pleinement les index! Il n’y a qu’à constater le nombre de lignes à potentiellement examiner pour joindre les tables r1, r5 et r9 (40012 x 362880 x 362880 = 5268855958732800) ainsi que le type de jointure utilisé (range, ALL et ALL).

Vérifions en combien de temps la requête s’exécute :

+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| r1c1 | r1c2 | r1c3 | r1c4 | r1c5 | r1c6 | r1c7 | r1c8 | r1c9 | r2c1 | r2c2 | r2c3 | r2c4 | r2c5 | r2c6 | r2c7 | r2c8 | r2c9 | r3c1 | r3c2 | r3c3 | r3c4 | r3c5 | r3c6 | r3c7 | r3c8 | r3c9 | r4c1 | r4c2 | r4c3 | r4c4 | r4c5 | r4c6 | r4c7 | r4c8 | r4c9 | r5c1 | r5c2 | r5c3 | r5c4 | r5c5 | r5c6 | r5c7 | r5c8 | r5c9 | r6c1 | r6c2 | r6c3 | r6c4 | r6c5 | r6c6 | r6c7 | r6c8 | r6c9 | r7c1 | r7c2 | r7c3 | r7c4 | r7c5 | r7c6 | r7c7 | r7c8 | r7c9 | r8c1 | r8c2 | r8c3 | r8c4 | r8c5 | r8c6 | r8c7 | r8c8 | r8c9 | r9c1 | r9c2 | r9c3 | r9c4 | r9c5 | r9c6 | r9c7 | r9c8 | r9c9 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|    2 |    6 |    8 |    7 |    1 |    9 |    3 |    4 |    5 |    1 |    3 |    4 |    8 |    2 |    5 |    6 |    9 |    7 |    7 |    5 |    9 |    3 |    6 |    4 |    1 |    8 |    2 |    3 |    9 |    7 |    1 |    8 |    2 |    5 |    6 |    4 |    6 |    4 |    2 |    9 |    5 |    3 |    7 |    1 |    8 |    5 |    8 |    1 |    4 |    7 |    6 |    2 |    3 |    9 |    8 |    2 |    5 |    6 |    4 |    1 |    9 |    7 |    3 |    9 |    7 |    6 |    5 |    3 |    8 |    4 |    2 |    1 |    4 |    1 |    3 |    2 |    9 |    7 |    8 |    5 |    6 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
1 row in set (6.17 sec)

Ouf!  Nous sommes passés de 0.39 seconde (grille 01) à 6.17 secondes (grille 02) malgré le fait que la grille 02 comporte près de 2 fois plus de révélés que la grille 01!  Cet exemple démontre clairement que les choses peuvent rapidement mal tourner à un rythme alarmant (même exponentiel) quand nous sommes confrontés à une grille contenant des lignes vides ou presque vides!

2. Changer de point de vue!

Imaginons maintenant que nous faisons effectuer une rotation à notre grille et que les colonnes deviennent des lignes.  Dans ce cas, chaque nouvelle ligne pourrait dès lors bénéficier des index!

Voyons cette nouvelle grille :

La requête aurait désormais l’air de ceci :

SELECT *
FROM sudoku_rows_view
WHERE
(r1c2 = 1) AND (r1c3 = 7) AND (r1c4 = 3) AND (r1c6 = 5) AND
(r1c7 = 8) AND (r1c8 = 9) AND (r2c2 = 3) AND (r2c3 = 5) AND
(r2c4 = 9) AND (r2c6 = 8) AND (r2c7 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 7) AND
(r3c2 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c4 = 7) AND (r3c6 = 1) AND
(r3c7 = 5) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r4c2 = 8) AND (r4c3 = 3) AND
(r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c6 = 4) AND (r4c7 = 6) AND (r4c8 = 5) AND
(r5c2 = 2) AND (r5c3 = 6) AND (r5c4 = 8) AND (r5c6 = 7) AND
(r5c7 = 4) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c2 = 5) AND (r6c3 = 4) AND
(r6c4 = 2) AND (r6c6 = 6) AND (r6c7 = 1) AND (r6c8 = 8) AND
(r7c2 = 6) AND (r7c3 = 1) AND (r7c4 = 5) AND (r7c6 = 2) AND
(r7c7 = 9) AND (r7c8 = 4) AND (r8c2 = 9) AND (r8c3 = 8) AND
(r8c4 = 6) AND (r8c6 = 3) AND (r8c7 = 7) AND (r8c8 = 2) AND
(r9c2 = 7) AND (r9c3 = 2) AND (r9c4 = 4) AND (r9c6 = 9) AND
(r9c7 = 3) AND (r9c8 = 1);

Le résultat du EXPLAIN correspondant :

+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type        | possible_keys                                                                                                                                      | key         | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                                                                            |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r3    | index_merge | i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89                                                    | i23,i38,i48 | 2,2,2   | NULL |   64 | Using intersect(i23,i38,i48); Using where                                        |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r9    | index_merge | i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89                                                    | i78,i68,i48 | 2,2,2   | NULL |   65 | Using intersect(i78,i68,i48); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop) |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r1    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i67     | 2,2     | NULL |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i67); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r2    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i68     | 2,2     | NULL |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i68); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r4    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i78,i46     | 2,2     | NULL |   68 | Using intersect(i78,i46); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r5    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i68     | 2,2     | NULL |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i68); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r6    | index_merge | i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89                                                    | i23,i67     | 2,2     | NULL |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i67); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r7    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i68     | 2,2     | NULL |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i68); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r8    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i37,i24     | 2,2     | NULL |   68 | Using intersect(i37,i24); Using where; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)     |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
9 rows in set (42.98 sec)

Et combien de temps la requête prendrait-elle à s’exécuter?

SELECT *
FROM sudoku_rows_view
WHERE
(r1c2 = 1) AND (r1c3 = 7) AND (r1c4 = 3) AND (r1c6 = 5) AND
(r1c7 = 8) AND (r1c8 = 9) AND (r2c2 = 3) AND (r2c3 = 5) AND
(r2c4 = 9) AND (r2c6 = 8) AND (r2c7 = 2) AND (r2c8 = 7) AND
(r3c2 = 4) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND (r3c4 = 7) AND (r3c6 = 1) AND
(r3c7 = 5) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r4c2 = 8) AND (r4c3 = 3) AND
(r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c6 = 4) AND (r4c7 = 6) AND (r4c8 = 5) AND
(r5c2 = 2) AND (r5c3 = 6) AND (r5c4 = 8) AND (r5c6 = 7) AND
(r5c7 = 4) AND (r5c8 = 3) AND (r6c2 = 5) AND (r6c3 = 4) AND
(r6c4 = 2) AND (r6c6 = 6) AND (r6c7 = 1) AND (r6c8 = 8) AND
(r7c2 = 6) AND (r7c3 = 1) AND (r7c4 = 5) AND (r7c6 = 2) AND
(r7c7 = 9) AND (r7c8 = 4) AND (r8c2 = 9) AND (r8c3 = 8) AND
(r8c4 = 6) AND (r8c6 = 3) AND (r8c7 = 7) AND (r8c8 = 2) AND
(r9c2 = 7) AND (r9c3 = 2) AND (r9c4 = 4) AND (r9c6 = 9) AND
(r9c7 = 3) AND (r9c8 = 1);
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| r1c1 | r1c2 | r1c3 | r1c4 | r1c5 | r1c6 | r1c7 | r1c8 | r1c9 | r2c1 | r2c2 | r2c3 | r2c4 | r2c5 | r2c6 | r2c7 | r2c8 | r2c9 | r3c1 | r3c2 | r3c3 | r3c4 | r3c5 | r3c6 | r3c7 | r3c8 | r3c9 | r4c1 | r4c2 | r4c3 | r4c4 | r4c5 | r4c6 | r4c7 | r4c8 | r4c9 | r5c1 | r5c2 | r5c3 | r5c4 | r5c5 | r5c6 | r5c7 | r5c8 | r5c9 | r6c1 | r6c2 | r6c3 | r6c4 | r6c5 | r6c6 | r6c7 | r6c8 | r6c9 | r7c1 | r7c2 | r7c3 | r7c4 | r7c5 | r7c6 | r7c7 | r7c8 | r7c9 | r8c1 | r8c2 | r8c3 | r8c4 | r8c5 | r8c6 | r8c7 | r8c8 | r8c9 | r9c1 | r9c2 | r9c3 | r9c4 | r9c5 | r9c6 | r9c7 | r9c8 | r9c9 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|    2 |    1 |    7 |    3 |    6 |    5 |    8 |    9 |    4 |    6 |    3 |    5 |    9 |    4 |    8 |    2 |    7 |    1 |    8 |    4 |    9 |    7 |    2 |    1 |    5 |    6 |    3 |    7 |    8 |    3 |    1 |    9 |    4 |    6 |    5 |    2 |    1 |    2 |    6 |    8 |    5 |    7 |    4 |    3 |    9 |    9 |    5 |    4 |    2 |    3 |    6 |    1 |    8 |    7 |    3 |    6 |    1 |    5 |    7 |    2 |    9 |    4 |    8 |    4 |    9 |    8 |    6 |    1 |    3 |    7 |    2 |    5 |    5 |    7 |    2 |    4 |    8 |    9 |    3 |    1 |    6 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.22 sec)

Nous sommes passés de 6.17 secondes à 0.22 seconde! Un gain imposant!

3. Les vues combinées

Alors pourquoi ne tenterions-nous pas de résoudre nos sudokus en effectuant la recherche par ligne ET par colonne à la fois?

Nous allons donc construire une seconde vue (sudoku_columns_view) qui sera basée sur les colonnes de la grille.  Pour faire résoudre les sudokus, il nous faudra une troisième vue (sudoku_combined_view) qui combinera la vue par lignes (sudoku_rows_view) avec la vue par colonne (sudoku_columns_view).  De cette façon, nous serons à l’abri des grilles avec des lignes vides et des grilles avec des colonnes vides.  L’optimisateur de requête aura dorénavant tout le luxe de choisir la « méthode » la plus efficace!

Construisons la vue par colonnes en exécutant cette requête :

USE sudoku;

CREATE VIEW sudoku_columns_view AS
SELECT
col1.c1 as r1c1, col1.c2 as r2c1, col1.c3 as r3c1, col1.c4 as r4c1, col1.c5 as r5c1,col1.c6 as r6c1, col1.c7 as r7c1, col1.c8 as r8c1, col1.c9 as r9c1, col2.c1 as r1c2,
col2.c2 as r2c2, col2.c3 as r3c2, col2.c4 as r4c2, col2.c5 as r5c2, col2.c6 as r6c2,col2.c7 as r7c2, col2.c8 as r8c2, col2.c9 as r9c2, col3.c1 as r1c3, col3.c2 as r2c3,
col3.c3 as r3c3, col3.c4 as r4c3, col3.c5 as r5c3, col3.c6 as r6c3, col3.c7 as r7c3,col3.c8 as r8c3, col3.c9 as r9c3, col4.c1 as r1c4, col4.c2 as r2c4, col4.c3 as r3c4,
col4.c4 as r4c4, col4.c5 as r5c4, col4.c6 as r6c4, col4.c7 as r7c4, col4.c8 as r8c4,col4.c9 as r9c4, col5.c1 as r1c5, col5.c2 as r2c5, col5.c3 as r3c5, col5.c4 as r4c5,
col5.c5 as r5c5, col5.c6 as r6c5, col5.c7 as r7c5, col5.c8 as r8c5, col5.c9 as r9c5,col6.c1 as r1c6, col6.c2 as r2c6, col6.c3 as r3c6, col6.c4 as r4c6, col6.c5 as r5c6,
col6.c6 as r6c6, col6.c7 as r7c6, col6.c8 as r8c6, col6.c9 as r9c6, col7.c1 as r1c7,col7.c2 as r2c7, col7.c3 as r3c7, col7.c4 as r4c7, col7.c5 as r5c7, col7.c6 as r6c7,
col7.c7 as r7c7, col7.c8 as r8c7, col7.c9 as r9c7, col8.c1 as r1c8, col8.c2 as r2c8,col8.c3 as r3c8, col8.c4 as r4c8, col8.c5 as r5c8, col8.c6 as r6c8, col8.c7 as r7c8,
col8.c8 as r8c8, col8.c9 as r9c8, col9.c1 as r1c9, col9.c2 as r2c9, col9.c3 as r3c9,col9.c4 as r4c9, col9.c5 as r5c9, col9.c6 as r6c9, col9.c7 as r7c9, col9.c8 as r8c9,
col9.c9 as r9c9
FROM
positions col1, positions col2, positions col3,positions col4, positions col5, positions col6,positions col7, positions col8, positions col9
WHERE
-- Nombres uniques dans chaque rangee
(col1.c1 <> col2.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col3.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col4.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col5.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col6.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col7.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col1.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col1.c2 <> col2.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col3.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col4.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col5.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col6.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col1.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col1.c3 <> col2.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col3.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col4.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col5.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col6.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col1.c4 <> col2.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col3.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col4.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col5.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col6.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col1.c4 <> col9.c4) AND
(col1.c5 <> col2.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col3.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col4.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col5.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col6.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col1.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col1.c6 <> col2.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col3.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col4.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col5.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col6.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col7.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col1.c7 <> col2.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col3.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col4.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col5.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col6.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col1.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col1.c8 <> col2.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col3.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col4.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col5.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col6.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col1.c8 <> col9.c8) AND
(col1.c9 <> col2.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col3.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col4.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col5.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col6.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col2.c1 <> col3.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col4.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col5.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col6.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col7.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col2.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col2.c2 <> col3.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col4.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col5.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col6.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col2.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col2.c3 <> col3.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col4.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col5.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col6.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col2.c4 <> col3.c4) AND (col2.c4 <> col4.c4) AND (col2.c4 <> col5.c4) AND
(col2.c4 <> col6.c4) AND (col2.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col2.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col2.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col2.c5 <> col3.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col4.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col5.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col6.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col2.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col2.c6 <> col3.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col4.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col5.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col6.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col7.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col2.c7 <> col3.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col4.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col5.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col6.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col2.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col2.c8 <> col3.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col4.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col5.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col6.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col2.c8 <> col9.c8) AND
(col2.c9 <> col3.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col4.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col5.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col6.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col3.c1 <> col4.c1) AND (col3.c1 <> col5.c1) AND (col3.c1 <> col6.c1) AND (col3.c1 <> col7.c1) AND (col3.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col3.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col3.c2 <> col4.c2) AND (col3.c2 <> col5.c2) AND (col3.c2 <> col6.c2) AND (col3.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col3.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col3.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col3.c3 <> col4.c3) AND (col3.c3 <> col5.c3) AND (col3.c3 <> col6.c3) AND (col3.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col3.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col3.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col3.c4 <> col4.c4) AND (col3.c4 <> col5.c4) AND (col3.c4 <> col6.c4) AND (col3.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col3.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col3.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col3.c5 <> col4.c5) AND
(col3.c5 <> col5.c5) AND (col3.c5 <> col6.c5) AND (col3.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col3.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col3.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col3.c6 <> col4.c6) AND (col3.c6 <> col5.c6) AND (col3.c6 <> col6.c6) AND (col3.c6 <> col7.c6) AND (col3.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col3.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col3.c7 <> col4.c7) AND (col3.c7 <> col5.c7) AND (col3.c7 <> col6.c7) AND (col3.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col3.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col3.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col3.c8 <> col4.c8) AND (col3.c8 <> col5.c8) AND (col3.c8 <> col6.c8) AND (col3.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col3.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col3.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col3.c9 <> col4.c9) AND (col3.c9 <> col5.c9) AND (col3.c9 <> col6.c9) AND (col3.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col3.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col3.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col4.c1 <> col5.c1) AND (col4.c1 <> col6.c1) AND (col4.c1 <> col7.c1) AND
(col4.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col4.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col4.c2 <> col5.c2) AND (col4.c2 <> col6.c2) AND (col4.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col4.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col4.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col4.c3 <> col5.c3) AND (col4.c3 <> col6.c3) AND (col4.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col4.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col4.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col4.c4 <> col5.c4) AND (col4.c4 <> col6.c4) AND (col4.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col4.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col4.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col4.c5 <> col5.c5) AND (col4.c5 <> col6.c5) AND (col4.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col4.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col4.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col4.c6 <> col5.c6) AND (col4.c6 <> col6.c6) AND (col4.c6 <> col7.c6) AND (col4.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col4.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col4.c7 <> col5.c7) AND (col4.c7 <> col6.c7) AND (col4.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col4.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col4.c7 <> col9.c7) AND
(col4.c8 <> col5.c8) AND (col4.c8 <> col6.c8) AND (col4.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col4.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col4.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col4.c9 <> col5.c9) AND (col4.c9 <> col6.c9) AND (col4.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col4.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col4.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col5.c1 <> col6.c1) AND (col5.c1 <> col7.c1) AND (col5.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col5.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col5.c2 <> col6.c2) AND (col5.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col5.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col5.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col5.c3 <> col6.c3) AND (col5.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col5.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col5.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col5.c4 <> col6.c4) AND (col5.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col5.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col5.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col5.c5 <> col6.c5) AND (col5.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col5.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col5.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col5.c6 <> col6.c6) AND (col5.c6 <> col7.c6) AND
(col5.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col5.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col5.c7 <> col6.c7) AND (col5.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col5.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col5.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col5.c8 <> col6.c8) AND (col5.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col5.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col5.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col5.c9 <> col6.c9) AND (col5.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col5.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col5.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col6.c1 <> col7.c1) AND (col6.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col6.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col6.c2 <> col7.c2) AND (col6.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col6.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col6.c3 <> col7.c3) AND (col6.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col6.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col6.c4 <> col7.c4) AND (col6.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col6.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col6.c5 <> col7.c5) AND (col6.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col6.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col6.c6 <> col7.c6) AND (col6.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col6.c6 <> col9.c6) AND
(col6.c7 <> col7.c7) AND (col6.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col6.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col6.c8 <> col7.c8) AND (col6.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col6.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col6.c9 <> col7.c9) AND (col6.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col6.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col7.c1 <> col8.c1) AND (col7.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col7.c2 <> col8.c2) AND (col7.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col7.c3 <> col8.c3) AND (col7.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col7.c4 <> col8.c4) AND (col7.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col7.c5 <> col8.c5) AND (col7.c5 <> col9.c5) AND (col7.c6 <> col8.c6) AND (col7.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col7.c7 <> col8.c7) AND (col7.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col7.c8 <> col8.c8) AND (col7.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col7.c9 <> col8.c9) AND (col7.c9 <> col9.c9) AND (col8.c1 <> col9.c1) AND (col8.c2 <> col9.c2) AND (col8.c3 <> col9.c3) AND (col8.c4 <> col9.c4) AND (col8.c5 <> col9.c5) AND
(col8.c6 <> col9.c6) AND (col8.c7 <> col9.c7) AND (col8.c8 <> col9.c8) AND (col8.c9 <> col9.c9) AND
-- Nombres uniques dans chaque maison de 3x3
(col1.c1 <> col1.c2) AND (col1.c1 <> col1.c3) AND (col1.c1 <> col2.c2) AND (col1.c1 <> col2.c3) AND (col1.c1 <> col3.c2) AND (col1.c1 <> col3.c3) AND (col1.c2 <> col1.c3) AND (col1.c2 <> col2.c1) AND (col1.c2 <> col2.c3) AND (col1.c2 <> col3.c1) AND (col1.c2 <> col3.c3) AND (col1.c3 <> col2.c1) AND (col1.c3 <> col2.c2) AND (col1.c3 <> col3.c1) AND (col1.c3 <> col3.c2) AND (col1.c4 <> col1.c5) AND (col1.c4 <> col1.c6) AND (col1.c4 <> col2.c5) AND (col1.c4 <> col2.c6) AND (col1.c4 <> col3.c5) AND (col1.c4 <> col3.c6) AND (col1.c5 <> col1.c6) AND (col1.c5 <> col2.c4) AND (col1.c5 <> col2.c6) AND (col1.c5 <> col3.c4) AND (col1.c5 <> col3.c6) AND (col1.c6 <> col2.c4) AND (col1.c6 <> col2.c5) AND (col1.c6 <> col3.c4) AND (col1.c6 <> col3.c5) AND (col1.c7 <> col1.c8) AND (col1.c7 <> col1.c9) AND
(col1.c7 <> col2.c8) AND (col1.c7 <> col2.c9) AND (col1.c7 <> col3.c8) AND (col1.c7 <> col3.c9) AND (col1.c8 <> col1.c9) AND (col1.c8 <> col2.c7) AND (col1.c8 <> col2.c9) AND (col1.c8 <> col3.c7) AND (col1.c8 <> col3.c9) AND (col1.c9 <> col2.c7) AND (col1.c9 <> col2.c8) AND (col1.c9 <> col3.c7) AND (col1.c9 <> col3.c8) AND (col2.c1 <> col2.c2) AND (col2.c1 <> col2.c3) AND (col2.c1 <> col3.c2) AND (col2.c1 <> col3.c3) AND (col2.c2 <> col2.c3) AND (col2.c2 <> col3.c1) AND (col2.c2 <> col3.c3) AND (col2.c3 <> col3.c1) AND (col2.c3 <> col3.c2) AND (col2.c4 <> col2.c5) AND (col2.c4 <> col2.c6) AND (col2.c4 <> col3.c5) AND (col2.c4 <> col3.c6) AND (col2.c5 <> col2.c6) AND (col2.c5 <> col3.c4) AND (col2.c5 <> col3.c6) AND (col2.c6 <> col3.c4) AND (col2.c6 <> col3.c5) AND (col2.c7 <> col2.c8) AND
(col2.c7 <> col2.c9) AND (col2.c7 <> col3.c8) AND (col2.c7 <> col3.c9) AND (col2.c8 <> col2.c9) AND (col2.c8 <> col3.c7) AND (col2.c8 <> col3.c9) AND (col2.c9 <> col3.c7) AND (col2.c9 <> col3.c8) AND (col3.c1 <> col3.c2) AND (col3.c1 <> col3.c3) AND (col3.c2 <> col3.c3) AND (col3.c4 <> col3.c5) AND (col3.c4 <> col3.c6) AND (col3.c5 <> col3.c6) AND (col3.c7 <> col3.c8) AND (col3.c7 <> col3.c9) AND (col3.c8 <> col3.c9) AND (col4.c1 <> col4.c2) AND (col4.c1 <> col4.c3) AND (col4.c1 <> col5.c2) AND (col4.c1 <> col5.c3) AND (col4.c1 <> col6.c2) AND (col4.c1 <> col6.c3) AND (col4.c2 <> col4.c3) AND (col4.c2 <> col5.c1) AND (col4.c2 <> col5.c3) AND (col4.c2 <> col6.c1) AND (col4.c2 <> col6.c3) AND (col4.c3 <> col5.c1) AND (col4.c3 <> col5.c2) AND (col4.c3 <> col6.c1) AND (col4.c3 <> col6.c2) AND
(col4.c4 <> col4.c5) AND (col4.c4 <> col4.c6) AND (col4.c4 <> col5.c5) AND (col4.c4 <> col5.c6) AND (col4.c4 <> col6.c5) AND (col4.c4 <> col6.c6) AND (col4.c5 <> col4.c6) AND (col4.c5 <> col5.c4) AND (col4.c5 <> col5.c6) AND (col4.c5 <> col6.c4) AND (col4.c5 <> col6.c6) AND (col4.c6 <> col5.c4) AND (col4.c6 <> col5.c5) AND (col4.c6 <> col6.c4) AND (col4.c6 <> col6.c5) AND (col4.c7 <> col4.c8) AND (col4.c7 <> col4.c9) AND (col4.c7 <> col5.c8) AND (col4.c7 <> col5.c9) AND (col4.c7 <> col6.c8) AND (col4.c7 <> col6.c9) AND (col4.c8 <> col4.c9) AND (col4.c8 <> col5.c7) AND (col4.c8 <> col5.c9) AND (col4.c8 <> col6.c7) AND (col4.c8 <> col6.c9) AND (col4.c9 <> col5.c7) AND (col4.c9 <> col5.c8) AND (col4.c9 <> col6.c7) AND (col4.c9 <> col6.c8) AND (col5.c1 <> col5.c2) AND (col5.c1 <> col5.c3) AND
(col5.c1 <> col6.c2) AND (col5.c1 <> col6.c3) AND (col5.c2 <> col5.c3) AND (col5.c2 <> col6.c1) AND (col5.c2 <> col6.c3) AND (col5.c3 <> col6.c1) AND (col5.c3 <> col6.c2) AND (col5.c4 <> col5.c5) AND (col5.c4 <> col5.c6) AND (col5.c4 <> col6.c5) AND (col5.c4 <> col6.c6) AND (col5.c5 <> col5.c6) AND (col5.c5 <> col6.c4) AND (col5.c5 <> col6.c6) AND (col5.c6 <> col6.c4) AND (col5.c6 <> col6.c5) AND (col5.c7 <> col5.c8) AND (col5.c7 <> col5.c9) AND (col5.c7 <> col6.c8) AND (col5.c7 <> col6.c9) AND (col5.c8 <> col5.c9) AND (col5.c8 <> col6.c7) AND (col5.c8 <> col6.c9) AND (col5.c9 <> col6.c7) AND (col5.c9 <> col6.c8) AND (col6.c1 <> col6.c2) AND (col6.c1 <> col6.c3) AND (col6.c2 <> col6.c3) AND (col6.c4 <> col6.c5) AND (col6.c4 <> col6.c6) AND (col6.c5 <> col6.c6) AND (col6.c7 <> col6.c8) AND
(col6.c7 <> col6.c9) AND (col6.c8 <> col6.c9) AND (col7.c1 <> col7.c2) AND (col7.c1 <> col7.c3) AND (col7.c1 <> col8.c2) AND (col7.c1 <> col8.c3) AND (col7.c1 <> col9.c2) AND (col7.c1 <> col9.c3) AND (col7.c2 <> col7.c3) AND (col7.c2 <> col8.c1) AND (col7.c2 <> col8.c3) AND (col7.c2 <> col9.c1) AND (col7.c2 <> col9.c3) AND (col7.c3 <> col8.c1) AND (col7.c3 <> col8.c2) AND (col7.c3 <> col9.c1) AND (col7.c3 <> col9.c2) AND (col7.c4 <> col7.c5) AND (col7.c4 <> col7.c6) AND (col7.c4 <> col8.c5) AND (col7.c4 <> col8.c6) AND (col7.c4 <> col9.c5) AND (col7.c4 <> col9.c6) AND (col7.c5 <> col7.c6) AND (col7.c5 <> col8.c4) AND (col7.c5 <> col8.c6) AND (col7.c5 <> col9.c4) AND (col7.c5 <> col9.c6) AND (col7.c6 <> col8.c4) AND (col7.c6 <> col8.c5) AND (col7.c6 <> col9.c4) AND (col7.c6 <> col9.c5) AND
(col7.c7 <> col7.c8) AND (col7.c7 <> col7.c9) AND (col7.c7 <> col8.c8) AND (col7.c7 <> col8.c9) AND (col7.c7 <> col9.c8) AND (col7.c7 <> col9.c9) AND (col7.c8 <> col7.c9) AND (col7.c8 <> col8.c7) AND (col7.c8 <> col8.c9) AND (col7.c8 <> col9.c7) AND (col7.c8 <> col9.c9) AND (col7.c9 <> col8.c7) AND (col7.c9 <> col8.c8) AND (col7.c9 <> col9.c7) AND (col7.c9 <> col9.c8) AND (col8.c1 <> col8.c2) AND (col8.c1 <> col8.c3) AND (col8.c1 <> col9.c2) AND (col8.c1 <> col9.c3) AND (col8.c2 <> col8.c3) AND (col8.c2 <> col9.c1) AND (col8.c2 <> col9.c3) AND (col8.c3 <> col9.c1) AND (col8.c3 <> col9.c2) AND (col8.c4 <> col8.c5) AND (col8.c4 <> col8.c6) AND (col8.c4 <> col9.c5) AND (col8.c4 <> col9.c6) AND (col8.c5 <> col8.c6) AND (col8.c5 <> col9.c4) AND (col8.c5 <> col9.c6) AND (col8.c6 <> col9.c4) AND
(col8.c6 <> col9.c5) AND (col8.c7 <> col8.c8) AND (col8.c7 <> col8.c9) AND (col8.c7 <> col9.c8) AND (col8.c7 <> col9.c9) AND (col8.c8 <> col8.c9) AND (col8.c8 <> col9.c7) AND (col8.c8 <> col9.c9) AND (col8.c9 <> col9.c7) AND (col8.c9 <> col9.c8) AND (col9.c1 <> col9.c2) AND (col9.c1 <> col9.c3) AND (col9.c2 <> col9.c3) AND (col9.c4 <> col9.c5) AND (col9.c4 <> col9.c6) AND (col9.c5 <> col9.c6) AND (col9.c7 <> col9.c8) AND (col9.c7 <> col9.c9) AND (col9.c8 <> col9.c9);

Maintenant, chers lecteurs, patientez un peu!

ATTENTION : n’allez surtout pas essayer de solutionner une grille  avant de passer au prochain point!

Pour l’instant, contentez-vous seulement de créer la nouvelle vue sudoku_combined_view :

USE sudoku;

CREATE VIEW sudoku_combined_view AS
SELECT t1.*
FROM sudoku_rows_view t1
INNER JOIN sudoku_columns_view t2
ON

-- Jointures entre représentation-colonnes et représentation-rangées
(t1.r1c1 = t2.r1c1) AND (t1.r1c2 = t2.r1c2) AND (t1.r1c3 = t2.r1c3) AND (t1.r1c4 = t2.r1c4) AND
(t1.r1c5 = t2.r1c5) AND (t1.r1c6 = t2.r1c6) AND (t1.r1c7 = t2.r1c7) AND (t1.r1c8 = t2.r1c8) AND
(t1.r1c9 = t2.r1c9) AND (t1.r2c1 = t2.r2c1) AND (t1.r2c2 = t2.r2c2) AND (t1.r2c3 = t2.r2c3) AND
(t1.r2c4 = t2.r2c4) AND (t1.r2c5 = t2.r2c5) AND (t1.r2c6 = t2.r2c6) AND (t1.r2c7 = t2.r2c7) AND
(t1.r2c8 = t2.r2c8) AND (t1.r2c9 = t2.r2c9) AND (t1.r3c1 = t2.r3c1) AND (t1.r3c2 = t2.r3c2) AND
(t1.r3c3 = t2.r3c3) AND (t1.r3c4 = t2.r3c4) AND (t1.r3c5 = t2.r3c5) AND (t1.r3c6 = t2.r3c6) AND
(t1.r3c7 = t2.r3c7) AND (t1.r3c8 = t2.r3c8) AND (t1.r3c9 = t2.r3c9) AND (t1.r4c1 = t2.r4c1) AND
(t1.r4c2 = t2.r4c2) AND (t1.r4c3 = t2.r4c3) AND (t1.r4c4 = t2.r4c4) AND (t1.r4c5 = t2.r4c5) AND
(t1.r4c6 = t2.r4c6) AND (t1.r4c7 = t2.r4c7) AND (t1.r4c8 = t2.r4c8) AND (t1.r4c9 = t2.r4c9) AND
(t1.r5c1 = t2.r5c1) AND (t1.r5c2 = t2.r5c2) AND (t1.r5c3 = t2.r5c3) AND (t1.r5c4 = t2.r5c4) AND
(t1.r5c5 = t2.r5c5) AND (t1.r5c6 = t2.r5c6) AND (t1.r5c7 = t2.r5c7) AND (t1.r5c8 = t2.r5c8) AND
(t1.r5c9 = t2.r5c9) AND (t1.r6c1 = t2.r6c1) AND (t1.r6c2 = t2.r6c2) AND (t1.r6c3 = t2.r6c3) AND
(t1.r6c4 = t2.r6c4) AND (t1.r6c5 = t2.r6c5) AND (t1.r6c6 = t2.r6c6) AND (t1.r6c7 = t2.r6c7) AND
(t1.r6c8 = t2.r6c8) AND (t1.r6c9 = t2.r6c9) AND (t1.r7c1 = t2.r7c1) AND (t1.r7c2 = t2.r7c2) AND
(t1.r7c3 = t2.r7c3) AND (t1.r7c4 = t2.r7c4) AND (t1.r7c5 = t2.r7c5) AND (t1.r7c6 = t2.r7c6) AND
(t1.r7c7 = t2.r7c7) AND (t1.r7c8 = t2.r7c8) AND (t1.r7c9 = t2.r7c9) AND (t1.r8c1 = t2.r8c1) AND
(t1.r8c2 = t2.r8c2) AND (t1.r8c3 = t2.r8c3) AND (t1.r8c4 = t2.r8c4) AND (t1.r8c5 = t2.r8c5) AND
(t1.r8c6 = t2.r8c6) AND (t1.r8c7 = t2.r8c7) AND (t1.r8c8 = t2.r8c8) AND (t1.r8c9 = t2.r8c9) AND
(t1.r9c1 = t2.r9c1) AND (t1.r9c2 = t2.r9c2) AND (t1.r9c3 = t2.r9c3) AND (t1.r9c4 = t2.r9c4) AND
(t1.r9c5 = t2.r9c5) AND (t1.r9c6 = t2.r9c6) AND (t1.r9c7 = t2.r9c7) AND (t1.r9c8 = t2.r9c8) AND
(t1.r9c9 = t2.r9c9);

4. L’optimisateur de plan

Avant de tenter d’exécuter la requête de la grille présentée au point 1 de cet article, quelques explications sont de mise. Il appert que notre nouvelle façon de faire change radicalement les choses!

En effet, au lieu de joindre seulement 9 tables comme c’était le cas avec sudoku_rows_view, notre nouvelle solution joint 9 tables une première fois (sudoku_rows_view), encore une fois 9 tables (sudoku_columns_view) puis regroupe les résultats de ces 2 vues dans sudoku_combined_view.

Il faut savoir que l’optimisateur de requêtes de MySQL, par défaut, énumère toutes les jointures possibles pour déterminer le plan d’accès qu’il considère comme optimal. Dans le cas qui nous intéresse, l’optimisateur détecte donc 18 tables indirectement référencées par la vue sudoku_combined_view et aura donc à examiner 18! (18 factorielle) jointures possibles, c’est-à-dire un total de 6402373705728000 jointures! Si par malheur vous tentiez d’exécuter la requête sur la vue sudoku_combined_view, il vous faudrait attendre une éternité avant que MySQL détermine un plan d’accès!  Pour vérifier, j’ai laissé rouler une requête de EXPLAIN sur la vue sudoku_combined_view pendant 2 jours avant de l’arrêter…

Heureusement, il existe une variable système nous permettant de contrôler le zèle de l’optimisateur de requêtes!  Cette variable s’appelle optimizer_search_depth.  Elle détermine la profondeur d’analyse de l’optimisateur quand celui-ci essaie de trouver le plan d’accès optimal.  À quoi bon un plan d’accès optimal si celui-ci prend 3 semaines à être généré ?  En ce qui nous concerne, un plan d’accès non optimal mais généré rapidement, compte tenu des 18 tables, est ce que nous recherchons!

La variable optimizer_search_depth peut être changée dans les fichiers de configuration de MySQL ou dynamiquement au beau milieu d’une session.  Prenez garde toutefois!  Si vous changez cette variable dans une session et non au niveau des fichiers de configuration, la nouvelle valeur de la variable ne s’applique qu’à la session!

Réglons cette valeur à 3  pour l’instant (plus de détails quant à cette valeur dans le prochain article)  :

set @@optimizer_search_depth = 3;

Maintenant, nous pouvons exécuter notre requête :

SELECT *
FROM sudoku_combined_view
WHERE
(r2c1 = 1) AND (r2c2 = 3) AND (r2c3 = 4) AND (r2c4 = 8) AND
(r2c5 = 2) AND (r2c6 = 5) AND (r2c7 = 6) AND (r2c8 = 9) AND
(r2c9 = 7) AND (r3c1 = 7) AND (r3c2 = 5) AND (r3c3 = 9) AND
(r3c4 = 3) AND (r3c5 = 6) AND (r3c6 = 4) AND (r3c7 = 1) AND
(r3c8 = 8) AND (r3c9 = 2) AND (r4c1 = 3) AND (r4c2 = 9) AND
(r4c3 = 7) AND (r4c4 = 1) AND (r4c5 = 8) AND (r4c6 = 2) AND
(r4c7 = 5) AND (r4c8 = 6) AND (r4c9 = 4) AND (r6c1 = 5) AND
(r6c2 = 8) AND (r6c3 = 1) AND (r6c4 = 4) AND (r6c5 = 7) AND
(r6c6 = 6) AND (r6c7 = 2) AND (r6c8 = 3) AND (r6c9 = 9) AND
(r7c1 = 8) AND (r7c2 = 2) AND (r7c3 = 5) AND (r7c4 = 6) AND
(r7c5 = 4) AND (r7c6 = 1) AND (r7c7 = 9) AND (r7c8 = 7) AND
(r7c9 = 3) AND (r8c1 = 9) AND (r8c2 = 7) AND (r8c3 = 6) AND
(r8c4 = 5) AND (r8c5 = 3) AND (r8c6 = 8) AND (r8c7 = 4) AND
(r8c8 = 2) AND (r8c9 = 1);

Fantastique!  1.08 seconde!  Est-il possible d’extraire plus de jus de ce citron?

Voyons ce que le EXPLAIN a à nous dire :

+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------------------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type        | possible_keys                                                                                                                                      | key         | key_len | ref                           | rows | Extra                                                        |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------------------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col3  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i38,i48 | 2,2,2   | NULL                          |   64 | Using intersect(i23,i38,i48); Using where                    |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col9  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i78,i68,i48 | 2,2,2   | NULL                          |   65 | Using intersect(i78,i68,i48); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r2    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i37,i29     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i37,i29); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r3    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i37,i28     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i37,i28); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r4    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i56,i29     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i56,i29); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r6    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12,i35     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i12,i35); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r7    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12,i68     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i12,i68); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col1  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i67     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i67); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col2  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i68     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i68); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col4  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i78,i46     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i78,i46); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col5  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i68     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i68); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col6  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i67     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i67); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r8    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i37,i79,i38 | 2,2,2   | NULL                          |   78 | Using intersect(i37,i79,i38); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col8  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i37,i24     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i37,i24); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | col7  | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i23,i68     | 2,2     | NULL                          |   68 | Using intersect(i23,i68); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r1    | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12         | 2       | sudoku.col1.c1,sudoku.col2.c1 | 5040 | Using where                                                  |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r5    | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12         | 2       | sudoku.col1.c5,sudoku.col2.c5 | 5040 | Using where                                                  |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r9    | ref         | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12         | 2       | sudoku.col1.c9,sudoku.col2.c9 | 5040 | Using where                                                  |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------------------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
18 rows in set (0.28 sec)

5. Optimisation de la table

Il existe quelques trucs d’optimisation de table que nous avons omis de faire.  C’est peut-être le temps d’y songer pour extraire chaque milliseconde et chaque octet possible!

Bien que la table positions ne subisse jamais de UPDATE, de INSERT ou de DELETE, sommes-nous certains que les pages d’index sont triées ? Pour ce faire, nous pourrions exécuter un OPTIMIZE TABLE sur la table positions.  Ce serait inutile dans notre cas.  Pourquoi?  Parce que les permutations générées pour créer les requêtes d’insertion dans la table positions ont été générées dans l’ordre des index.

D’autre part, comme la table n’a connu aucune modification, un ANALYZE TABLE serait, lui aussi, totalement inutile!

Changer la définition de la table avec un ALTER TABLE pour y inclure AVG_ROW_LENGTH et MAX_ROWS ?  Pas plus utile.  Comme le format des lignes dans la table positions est Fixed et que la table est de format MyISAM, ces deux valeurs n’ont pas à être forcées puisque MySQL les détermine sans notre aide!

6. Impossible n’est pas français!

Est-ce possible de faire mieux?  En éternel optimiste et têtu que je suis, je répondrai « oui » !  Mais comment?

Seulement, avons-nous tout prévu?  Que faire avec une grille contenant des lignes vides et des colonnes vides comme la grille suivante :

Suite au prochain article!

Comment presser un citron (première partie)

Ainsi donc, cette première partie détaillera la méthode de base utilisée pour résoudre un sudoku en une seule requête SQL.  Et en passant, pour ceux que la petite histoire intéresse, vous trouverez ici un excellent article sur l’évolution du sudoku.

Pour nous faciliter la tâche, nous utiliserons des tables de type MyISAM pour commencer.  Dans le prochain article, nous ferons aussi en sorte que notre méthode ne retourne qu’une seule grille valide même dans le cas où plusieurs solutions existeraient.  Rappelons que notre objectif ultime est d’optimiser une base de données dans le but bien précis de solutionner une grille valide dans des délais raisonnables.  Mais pour cet article, nous nous contenterons de verser dans la facilité!

Si l’envie vous prenait de vous salir les mains, vous aurez besoin d’un langage de programmation (idéalement Smalltalk comme j’utilise Pharo mais Squeak ou n’importe quel autre environnement Smalltalk fera l’affaire!) pour générer vous-même certaines données.  Si ce qui vous intéresse c’est seulement le résultat, n’importe quel client MySQL pourrait faire l’affaire comme je vous fournirai tous les scripts SQL nécessaires.

Ainsi, pour la suite de cet article, vous aurez besoin d’un client MySQL.

Bien que ce qui suit puisse se faire à l’aide de vos outils favoris, je vous suggère l’invite de commande et le client MySQL par souci de simplicité et de rapidité!

1. Création de la base de données

Il nous faut tout d’abord créer la base de données en exécutant:

CREATE DATABASE sudoku;

2. Création de la table de positions

La solution (et la représentation des données que j’ai envisagée) pour résoudre ce problème est triviale : il s’agit de créer toutes les permutations possibles pour une ligne et de toutes les insérer dans une table que nous joindrons ensuite 9 fois sur elle-même de façon à créer le puzzle complet.  Évidemment,  nous devrons aussi ajouter toutes les règles nécessaires (dans une vue) pour que la grille soit valide ainsi que les valeurs de départ connues du sudoku.

Ainsi donc, comme la grille standard a 9 colonnes, il a fallu créer 9! (9 factorielle = 362880 = 9*8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1) lignes que nous avons insérées dans cette table.  Chaque enregistrement de la table positions représente une ligne de sudoku, constituée de ses 9 colonnes (de là les identifiants c1, c2, c3, c4, etc).

USE sudoku;

CREATE TABLE positions (
c1 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
c2 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
c3 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
c4 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
c5 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
c6 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
c7 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
c8 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
c9 TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MYISAM;

Vous remarquerez l’absence d’index. Pour accélérer les choses, nous définirons les index seulement une fois la table remplie!  Les index seront essentiels dans notre cas, en particulier pour ce qui nous attend dans le prochain article!

3. Générer les données

J’ai créé les requêtes pour les INSERT dans la table positions à l’aide d’un petit script exécuté dans un workspace Pharo Smalltalk.

Voici le script utilisé :

| file |
file := StandardFileStream forceNewFileNamed: 'positions.sql'.
(1 to: 9) permutationsDo: [:e | file
nextPutAll: 'INSERT INTO positions(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8,c9) VALUES(';
nextPutAll: (e at: 1) printString;nextPut: $, ;
nextPutAll: (e at: 2) printString;nextPut: $, ;
nextPutAll: (e at: 3) printString;nextPut: $, ;
nextPutAll: (e at: 4) printString;nextPut: $, ;
nextPutAll: (e at: 5) printString;nextPut: $, ;
nextPutAll: (e at: 6) printString;nextPut: $, ;
nextPutAll: (e at: 7) printString;nextPut: $, ;
nextPutAll: (e at: 8) printString;nextPut: $, ;
nextPutAll: (e at: 9) printString;nextPutAll: ');';cr].
file close.

Pour les plus aventuriers d’entre vous, je suggère d’étudier le contenu du fichier positions.sql afin de pouvoir générer l’équivalent à l’aide de votre langage de programmation favori! Pour les autres, j’ai déjà fait le travail et vous trouverez le fichier ici.

L’exécution de ce script dans un workspace créera un fichier nommé positions.sql  contenant toutes les requêtes de INSERT servant à remplir la table positions.

ATTENTION: la prochaine étape prend quelques minutes!

Pour insérer les données dans la table positions, ouvrez un invite de commande et exécutez ceci :

4. Générer les contraintes

Les contraintes de la requête servant à solutionner la grille sudoku ont aussi été générées à l’aide d’un script exécuté dans un workspace avec Pharo. Ce script élimine toute les clauses superflues ou dupliquées de façon à garder leur nombre au strict minimum en prenant bien soin de s’assurer d’avoir une grille de sudoku valide. Plus précisément, ce script veille à :

1) éliminer les clauses dupliquées (par exemple, nul besoin de spécifier que (r1.c3 <> r2.c3) et que (r2.c3 <> r1.c3), c’est la même chose!;

2) éliminer tous les clauses reliées aux lignes comme nous savons que toutes les lignes de la table position sont valides comme nous les avons toutes générées.

| s1 s2 s3 |
s1 := Set new.
1 to: 9 do: [:r |
1 to: 9 do: [:c |    | cell |
cell := 'r', r printString, '.c', c printString.
1 to: 9 do: [:r2 |         | compCell |
compCell := 'r', r2 printString, '.c', c printString.
compCell ~= cell
ifTrue: [    cell < compCell
ifTrue: [s1 add: (cell, ' <> ', compCell)]
ifFalse: [s1 add: (compCell, ' <> ', cell)].
]
]
]
].
Transcript cr;show: '-- Unique in column';cr.
s1 asSortedCollection do: [:e | Transcript show: '(', e, ') AND ';cr].

s2 := Set new.
1 to: 9 do: [:r |
1 to: 9 do: [:c |    | cell deltaR deltaC |
deltaR := ((r-1) // 3) * 3.
deltaC := ((c-1) // 3) * 3.
1 to: 3 do: [:r2 |
1 to: 3 do: [:c2 |    | compCell |
cell := 'r', r printString, '.c', c printString.
compCell := 'r', (r2 + deltaR) printString, '.c', (c2 + deltaC) printString.
(compCell ~= cell and: [(r2 + deltaR) ~= r])
ifTrue:[    cell < compCell
ifTrue: [s2 add: (cell, ' <> ', compCell)]
ifFalse: [s2 add: (compCell, ' <> ', cell)].
]
]
]
]
].
Transcript cr;show: '-- Unique within 3x3 square';cr.
s3 := Set new.
s2 do: [:each | (s1 includes: each) ifFalse: [s3 add: each]].
s3 asSortedCollection do: [:e | Transcript show: '(', e, ') AND ';cr].

Nous utiliserons le résultat affiché dans le Transcript pour créer notre vue!

Note: il vous faudra préalablement changer une méthode dans Pharo pour être en mesure d’afficher la totalité des contraintes.

5. Créer les index

Pour accélérer la recherche, il nous faut des index! Il est temps de les générer!

ATTENTION: la prochaine étape prend plusieurs minutes!

USE sudoku;

CREATE INDEX i12 ON positions(c1, c2); CREATE INDEX i13 ON positions(c1, c3);
CREATE INDEX i14 ON positions(c1, c4); CREATE INDEX i15 ON positions(c1, c5);
CREATE INDEX i16 ON positions(c1, c6); CREATE INDEX i17 ON positions(c1, c7);
CREATE INDEX i18 ON positions(c1, c8); CREATE INDEX i19 ON positions(c1, c9);
CREATE INDEX i23 ON positions(c2, c3); CREATE INDEX i24 ON positions(c2, c4);
CREATE INDEX i25 ON positions(c2, c5); CREATE INDEX i26 ON positions(c2, c6);
CREATE INDEX i27 ON positions(c2, c7); CREATE INDEX i28 ON positions(c2, c8);
CREATE INDEX i29 ON positions(c2, c9); CREATE INDEX i34 ON positions(c3, c4);
CREATE INDEX i35 ON positions(c3, c5); CREATE INDEX i36 ON positions(c3, c6);
CREATE INDEX i37 ON positions(c3, c7); CREATE INDEX i38 ON positions(c3, c8);
CREATE INDEX i39 ON positions(c3, c9); CREATE INDEX i45 ON positions(c4, c5);
CREATE INDEX i46 ON positions(c4, c6); CREATE INDEX i47 ON positions(c4, c7);
CREATE INDEX i48 ON positions(c4, c8); CREATE INDEX i49 ON positions(c4, c9);
CREATE INDEX i56 ON positions(c5, c6); CREATE INDEX i57 ON positions(c5, c7);
CREATE INDEX i58 ON positions(c5, c8); CREATE INDEX i59 ON positions(c5, c9);
CREATE INDEX i67 ON positions(c6, c7); CREATE INDEX i68 ON positions(c6, c8);
CREATE INDEX i69 ON positions(c6, c9); CREATE INDEX i78 ON positions(c7, c8);
CREATE INDEX i79 ON positions(c7, c9); CREATE INDEX i89 ON positions(c8, c9);
CREATE INDEX i9 ON positions(c9);

6. Créer une vue pour chercher les sudokus

C’est ici que les contraintes générées précédemment à l’aide de Pharo deviennent utiles!  Observez le nombre effarant de conditions dans la clause WHERE de la requête définissant la vue!

USE sudoku;

CREATE VIEW sudoku_rows_view AS
SELECT
r1.c1 as r1c1, r1.c2 as r1c2, r1.c3 as r1c3, r1.c4 as r1c4, r1.c5 as r1c5, r1.c6 as r1c6, r1.c7 as r1c7, r1.c8 as r1c8, r1.c9 as r1c9, r2.c1 as r2c1,
r2.c2 as r2c2, r2.c3 as r2c3, r2.c4 as r2c4, r2.c5 as r2c5, r2.c6 as r2c6, r2.c7 as r2c7, r2.c8 as r2c8, r2.c9 as r2c9, r3.c1 as r3c1, r3.c2 as r3c2,
r3.c3 as r3c3, r3.c4 as r3c4, r3.c5 as r3c5, r3.c6 as r3c6, r3.c7 as r3c7, r3.c8 as r3c8, r3.c9 as r3c9, r4.c1 as r4c1, r4.c2 as r4c2, r4.c3 as r4c3,
r4.c4 as r4c4, r4.c5 as r4c5, r4.c6 as r4c6, r4.c7 as r4c7, r4.c8 as r4c8, r4.c9 as r4c9, r5.c1 as r5c1, r5.c2 as r5c2, r5.c3 as r5c3, r5.c4 as r5c4,
r5.c5 as r5c5, r5.c6 as r5c6, r5.c7 as r5c7, r5.c8 as r5c8, r5.c9 as r5c9, r6.c1 as r6c1, r6.c2 as r6c2, r6.c3 as r6c3, r6.c4 as r6c4, r6.c5 as r6c5,
r6.c6 as r6c6, r6.c7 as r6c7, r6.c8 as r6c8, r6.c9 as r6c9, r7.c1 as r7c1, r7.c2 as r7c2, r7.c3 as r7c3, r7.c4 as r7c4, r7.c5 as r7c5, r7.c6 as r7c6,
r7.c7 as r7c7, r7.c8 as r7c8, r7.c9 as r7c9, r8.c1 as r8c1, r8.c2 as r8c2, r8.c3 as r8c3, r8.c4 as r8c4, r8.c5 as r8c5, r8.c6 as r8c6, r8.c7 as r8c7,
r8.c8 as r8c8, r8.c9 as r8c9, r9.c1 as r9c1, r9.c2 as r9c2, r9.c3 as r9c3, r9.c4 as r9c4, r9.c5 as r9c5, r9.c6 as r9c6, r9.c7 as r9c7, r9.c8 as r9c8,
r9.c9 as r9c9

FROM
positions r1, positions r2, positions r3,
positions r4, positions r5, positions r6,
positions r7, positions r8, positions r9

WHERE
-- Nombres uniques dans chaque colonne
(r1.c1 <> r2.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r3.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r4.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r5.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r6.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r7.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r1.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r1.c2 <> r2.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r3.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r4.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r5.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r6.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r7.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r1.c2 <> r9.c2) AND
(r1.c3 <> r2.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r3.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r4.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r5.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r6.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r1.c4 <> r2.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r3.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r4.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r5.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r6.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r8.c4) AND (r1.c4 <> r9.c4) AND
(r1.c5 <> r2.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r3.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r4.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r5.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r6.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r1.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r1.c6 <> r2.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r3.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r4.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r5.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r6.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r7.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r9.c6) AND
(r1.c7 <> r2.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r3.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r4.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r5.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r6.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r1.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r1.c8 <> r2.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r3.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r4.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r5.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r6.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r1.c8 <> r9.c8) AND
(r1.c9 <> r2.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r3.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r4.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r5.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r6.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r1.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r2.c1 <> r3.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r4.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r5.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r6.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r7.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r2.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r2.c2 <> r3.c2) AND
(r2.c2 <> r4.c2) AND (r2.c2 <> r5.c2) AND (r2.c2 <> r6.c2) AND (r2.c2 <> r7.c2) AND (r2.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r2.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r2.c3 <> r3.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r4.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r5.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r6.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r2.c4 <> r3.c4) AND (r2.c4 <> r4.c4) AND (r2.c4 <> r5.c4) AND
(r2.c4 <> r6.c4) AND (r2.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r2.c4 <> r8.c4) AND (r2.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r2.c5 <> r3.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r4.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r5.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r6.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r2.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r2.c6 <> r3.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r4.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r5.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r6.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r7.c6) AND
(r2.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r2.c7 <> r3.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r4.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r5.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r6.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r2.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r2.c8 <> r3.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r4.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r5.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r6.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r2.c8 <> r9.c8) AND
(r2.c9 <> r3.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r4.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r5.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r6.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r3.c1 <> r4.c1) AND (r3.c1 <> r5.c1) AND (r3.c1 <> r6.c1) AND (r3.c1 <> r7.c1) AND (r3.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r3.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r3.c2 <> r4.c2) AND (r3.c2 <> r5.c2) AND (r3.c2 <> r6.c2) AND
(r3.c2 <> r7.c2) AND (r3.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r3.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r3.c3 <> r4.c3) AND (r3.c3 <> r5.c3) AND (r3.c3 <> r6.c3) AND (r3.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r3.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r3.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r3.c4 <> r4.c4) AND (r3.c4 <> r5.c4) AND (r3.c4 <> r6.c4) AND (r3.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r3.c4 <> r8.c4) AND (r3.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r3.c5 <> r4.c5) AND
(r3.c5 <> r5.c5) AND (r3.c5 <> r6.c5) AND (r3.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r3.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r3.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r3.c6 <> r4.c6) AND (r3.c6 <> r5.c6) AND (r3.c6 <> r6.c6) AND (r3.c6 <> r7.c6) AND (r3.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r3.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r3.c7 <> r4.c7) AND (r3.c7 <> r5.c7) AND (r3.c7 <> r6.c7) AND (r3.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r3.c7 <> r8.c7) AND
(r3.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r3.c8 <> r4.c8) AND (r3.c8 <> r5.c8) AND (r3.c8 <> r6.c8) AND (r3.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r3.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r3.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r3.c9 <> r4.c9) AND (r3.c9 <> r5.c9) AND (r3.c9 <> r6.c9) AND (r3.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r3.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r3.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r4.c1 <> r5.c1) AND (r4.c1 <> r6.c1) AND (r4.c1 <> r7.c1) AND
(r4.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r4.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r4.c2 <> r5.c2) AND (r4.c2 <> r6.c2) AND (r4.c2 <> r7.c2) AND (r4.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r4.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r4.c3 <> r5.c3) AND (r4.c3 <> r6.c3) AND (r4.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r4.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r4.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r4.c4 <> r5.c4) AND (r4.c4 <> r6.c4) AND (r4.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r4.c4 <> r8.c4) AND
(r4.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r4.c5 <> r5.c5) AND (r4.c5 <> r6.c5) AND (r4.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r4.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r4.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r4.c6 <> r5.c6) AND (r4.c6 <> r6.c6) AND (r4.c6 <> r7.c6) AND (r4.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r4.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r4.c7 <> r5.c7) AND (r4.c7 <> r6.c7) AND (r4.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r4.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r4.c7 <> r9.c7) AND
(r4.c8 <> r5.c8) AND (r4.c8 <> r6.c8) AND (r4.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r4.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r4.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r4.c9 <> r5.c9) AND (r4.c9 <> r6.c9) AND (r4.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r4.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r4.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r5.c1 <> r6.c1) AND (r5.c1 <> r7.c1) AND (r5.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r5.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r5.c2 <> r6.c2) AND (r5.c2 <> r7.c2) AND
(r5.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r5.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r5.c3 <> r6.c3) AND (r5.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r5.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r5.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r5.c4 <> r6.c4) AND (r5.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r5.c4 <> r8.c4) AND (r5.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r5.c5 <> r6.c5) AND (r5.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r5.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r5.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r5.c6 <> r6.c6) AND (r5.c6 <> r7.c6) AND
(r5.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r5.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r5.c7 <> r6.c7) AND (r5.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r5.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r5.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r5.c8 <> r6.c8) AND (r5.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r5.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r5.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r5.c9 <> r6.c9) AND (r5.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r5.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r5.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r6.c1 <> r7.c1) AND (r6.c1 <> r8.c1) AND
(r6.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r6.c2 <> r7.c2) AND (r6.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r6.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r6.c3 <> r7.c3) AND (r6.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r6.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r6.c4 <> r7.c4) AND (r6.c4 <> r8.c4) AND (r6.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r6.c5 <> r7.c5) AND (r6.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r6.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r6.c6 <> r7.c6) AND (r6.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r6.c6 <> r9.c6) AND
(r6.c7 <> r7.c7) AND (r6.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r6.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r6.c8 <> r7.c8) AND (r6.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r6.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r6.c9 <> r7.c9) AND (r6.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r6.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r7.c1 <> r8.c1) AND (r7.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r7.c2 <> r8.c2) AND (r7.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r7.c3 <> r8.c3) AND (r7.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r7.c4 <> r8.c4) AND
(r7.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r7.c5 <> r8.c5) AND (r7.c5 <> r9.c5) AND (r7.c6 <> r8.c6) AND (r7.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r7.c7 <> r8.c7) AND (r7.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r7.c8 <> r8.c8) AND (r7.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r7.c9 <> r8.c9) AND (r7.c9 <> r9.c9) AND (r8.c1 <> r9.c1) AND (r8.c2 <> r9.c2) AND (r8.c3 <> r9.c3) AND (r8.c4 <> r9.c4) AND (r8.c5 <> r9.c5) AND
(r8.c6 <> r9.c6) AND (r8.c7 <> r9.c7) AND (r8.c8 <> r9.c8) AND (r8.c9 <> r9.c9) AND
-- Nombres uniques dans chaque maison de 3x3
(r1.c1 <> r2.c2) AND (r1.c1 <> r2.c3) AND (r1.c1 <> r3.c2) AND (r1.c1 <> r3.c3) AND (r1.c2 <> r2.c1) AND (r1.c2 <> r2.c3) AND (r1.c2 <> r3.c1) AND (r1.c2 <> r3.c3) AND (r1.c3 <> r2.c1) AND (r1.c3 <> r2.c2) AND (r1.c3 <> r3.c1) AND (r1.c3 <> r3.c2) AND (r1.c4 <> r2.c5) AND (r1.c4 <> r2.c6) AND (r1.c4 <> r3.c5) AND (r1.c4 <> r3.c6) AND
(r1.c5 <> r2.c4) AND (r1.c5 <> r2.c6) AND (r1.c5 <> r3.c4) AND (r1.c5 <> r3.c6) AND (r1.c6 <> r2.c4) AND (r1.c6 <> r2.c5) AND (r1.c6 <> r3.c4) AND (r1.c6 <> r3.c5) AND (r1.c7 <> r2.c8) AND (r1.c7 <> r2.c9) AND (r1.c7 <> r3.c8) AND (r1.c7 <> r3.c9) AND (r1.c8 <> r2.c7) AND (r1.c8 <> r2.c9) AND (r1.c8 <> r3.c7) AND (r1.c8 <> r3.c9) AND
(r1.c9 <> r2.c7) AND (r1.c9 <> r2.c8) AND (r1.c9 <> r3.c7) AND (r1.c9 <> r3.c8) AND (r2.c1 <> r3.c2) AND (r2.c1 <> r3.c3) AND (r2.c2 <> r3.c1) AND (r2.c2 <> r3.c3) AND (r2.c3 <> r3.c1) AND (r2.c3 <> r3.c2) AND (r2.c4 <> r3.c5) AND (r2.c4 <> r3.c6) AND (r2.c5 <> r3.c4) AND (r2.c5 <> r3.c6) AND (r2.c6 <> r3.c4) AND (r2.c6 <> r3.c5) AND
(r2.c7 <> r3.c8) AND (r2.c7 <> r3.c9) AND (r2.c8 <> r3.c7) AND (r2.c8 <> r3.c9) AND (r2.c9 <> r3.c7) AND (r2.c9 <> r3.c8) AND (r4.c1 <> r5.c2) AND (r4.c1 <> r5.c3) AND (r4.c1 <> r6.c2) AND (r4.c1 <> r6.c3) AND (r4.c2 <> r5.c1) AND (r4.c2 <> r5.c3) AND (r4.c2 <> r6.c1) AND (r4.c2 <> r6.c3) AND (r4.c3 <> r5.c1) AND (r4.c3 <> r5.c2) AND
(r4.c3 <> r6.c1) AND (r4.c3 <> r6.c2) AND (r4.c4 <> r5.c5) AND (r4.c4 <> r5.c6) AND (r4.c4 <> r6.c5) AND (r4.c4 <> r6.c6) AND (r4.c5 <> r5.c4) AND (r4.c5 <> r5.c6) AND (r4.c5 <> r6.c4) AND (r4.c5 <> r6.c6) AND (r4.c6 <> r5.c4) AND (r4.c6 <> r5.c5) AND (r4.c6 <> r6.c4) AND (r4.c6 <> r6.c5) AND (r4.c7 <> r5.c8) AND (r4.c7 <> r5.c9) AND
(r4.c7 <> r6.c8) AND (r4.c7 <> r6.c9) AND (r4.c8 <> r5.c7) AND (r4.c8 <> r5.c9) AND (r4.c8 <> r6.c7) AND (r4.c8 <> r6.c9) AND (r4.c9 <> r5.c7) AND (r4.c9 <> r5.c8) AND (r4.c9 <> r6.c7) AND (r4.c9 <> r6.c8) AND (r5.c1 <> r6.c2) AND (r5.c1 <> r6.c3) AND (r5.c2 <> r6.c1) AND (r5.c2 <> r6.c3) AND (r5.c3 <> r6.c1) AND (r5.c3 <> r6.c2) AND
(r5.c4 <> r6.c5) AND (r5.c4 <> r6.c6) AND (r5.c5 <> r6.c4) AND (r5.c5 <> r6.c6) AND (r5.c6 <> r6.c4) AND (r5.c6 <> r6.c5) AND (r5.c7 <> r6.c8) AND (r5.c7 <> r6.c9) AND (r5.c8 <> r6.c7) AND (r5.c8 <> r6.c9) AND (r5.c9 <> r6.c7) AND (r5.c9 <> r6.c8) AND (r7.c1 <> r8.c2) AND (r7.c1 <> r8.c3) AND (r7.c1 <> r9.c2) AND (r7.c1 <> r9.c3) AND
(r7.c2 <> r8.c1) AND (r7.c2 <> r8.c3) AND (r7.c2 <> r9.c1) AND (r7.c2 <> r9.c3) AND (r7.c3 <> r8.c1) AND (r7.c3 <> r8.c2) AND (r7.c3 <> r9.c1) AND (r7.c3 <> r9.c2) AND (r7.c4 <> r8.c5) AND (r7.c4 <> r8.c6) AND (r7.c4 <> r9.c5) AND (r7.c4 <> r9.c6) AND (r7.c5 <> r8.c4) AND (r7.c5 <> r8.c6) AND (r7.c5 <> r9.c4) AND (r7.c5 <> r9.c6) AND
(r7.c6 <> r8.c4) AND (r7.c6 <> r8.c5) AND (r7.c6 <> r9.c4) AND (r7.c6 <> r9.c5) AND (r7.c7 <> r8.c8) AND (r7.c7 <> r8.c9) AND (r7.c7 <> r9.c8) AND (r7.c7 <> r9.c9) AND (r7.c8 <> r8.c7) AND (r7.c8 <> r8.c9) AND (r7.c8 <> r9.c7) AND (r7.c8 <> r9.c9) AND (r7.c9 <> r8.c7) AND (r7.c9 <> r8.c8) AND (r7.c9 <> r9.c7) AND (r7.c9 <> r9.c8) AND
(r8.c1 <> r9.c2) AND (r8.c1 <> r9.c3) AND (r8.c2 <> r9.c1) AND (r8.c2 <> r9.c3) AND (r8.c3 <> r9.c1) AND (r8.c3 <> r9.c2) AND (r8.c4 <> r9.c5) AND (r8.c4 <> r9.c6) AND (r8.c5 <> r9.c4) AND (r8.c5 <> r9.c6) AND (r8.c6 <> r9.c4) AND (r8.c6 <> r9.c5) AND (r8.c7 <> r9.c8) AND (r8.c7 <> r9.c9) AND (r8.c8 <> r9.c7) AND (r8.c8 <> r9.c9) AND
(r8.c9 <> r9.c7) AND (r8.c9 <> r9.c8);

Maintenant, nous avons tout ce qu’il faut pour débuter! Si vous avez rencontré des difficultés avec le téléchargement du fichier positions.sql, contactez-moi et je me ferai un plaisir de vous envoyez le fichier compressé (format Gzip) par courriel. Consultez ma page « À propos » pour savoir à quelle adresse courriel me rejoindre!

7. Tester une grille

Asteure que toute la poutine (expression québécoise parfois utilisée pour désigner les tâches cléricales, répétitives, procédurales, techniques ou ennuyantes) est complétée, examinons comment notre solution se comporte pour cette grille :

Pour solutionner la grille, nous devons exécuter cette requête SQL :

SELECT *
FROM sudoku_rows_view
WHERE
(r1c1 = 5) AND (r1c2 = 3) AND (r1c5 = 7) AND (r2c1 = 6) AND
(r2c4 = 1) AND (r2c5 = 9) AND (r2c6 = 5) AND (r3c2 = 9) AND
(r3c3 = 8) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r4c1 = 8) AND (r4c5 = 6) AND
(r4c9 = 3) AND (r5c1 = 4) AND (r5c4 = 8) AND (r5c6 = 3) AND
(r5c9 = 1) AND (r6c1 = 7) AND (r6c5 = 2) AND (r6c9 = 6) AND
(r7c2 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 2) AND (r7c8 = 8) AND (r8c4 = 4) AND
(r8c5 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 9) AND (r8c9 = 5) AND (r9c5 = 8) AND
(r9c8 = 7) AND (r9c9 = 9);

Évidemment, je l’espère, vous aurez compris que r8c9 signifie « rangée 8 colonne 9 », etc.

Tada!

Victoire!

Voici ce que le EXPLAIN de la requête a à dire :

mysql> explain
-> SELECT *
-> FROM sudoku_rows_view
-> WHERE
-> (r1c1 = 5) AND (r1c2 = 3) AND (r1c5 = 7) AND (r2c1 = 6) AND
-> (r2c4 = 1) AND (r2c5 = 9) AND (r2c6 = 5) AND (r3c2 = 9) AND
-> (r3c3 = 8) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r4c1 = 8) AND (r4c5 = 6) AND
-> (r4c9 = 3) AND (r5c1 = 4) AND (r5c4 = 8) AND (r5c6 = 3) AND
-> (r5c9 = 1) AND (r6c1 = 7) AND (r6c5 = 2) AND (r6c9 = 6) AND
-> (r7c2 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 2) AND (r7c8 = 8) AND (r8c4 = 4) AND
-> (r8c5 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 9) AND (r8c9 = 5) AND (r9c5 = 8) AND
-> (r9c8 = 7) AND (r9c9 = 9);
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type        | possible_keys                                                                                                                                      | key         | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                                                        |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r5    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i16,i19,i49 | 2,2,2   | NULL |   68 | Using intersect(i16,i19,i49); Using where                    |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r2    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i14,i15,i16 | 2,2,2   | NULL |   78 | Using intersect(i14,i15,i16); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r8    | index_merge | i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9                                                                                     | i45,i46,i59 | 2,2,2   | NULL |   78 | Using intersect(i45,i46,i59); Using where; Using join buffer |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r3    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i28,i38     | 2,2     | NULL |  551 | Using intersect(i28,i38); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r6    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9                         | i19,i59     | 2,2     | NULL |  551 | Using intersect(i19,i59); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r1    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i12,i15     | 2,2     | NULL |  624 | Using intersect(i12,i15); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r9    | index_merge | i56,i57,i58,i59,i89,i9                                                                                                                             | i58,i59     | 2,2     | NULL |  624 | Using intersect(i58,i59); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r4    | index_merge | i12,i13,i14,i15,i16,i17,i18,i19,i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i34,i35,i36,i37,i38,i39,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9 | i15,i19     | 2,2     | NULL |  625 | Using intersect(i15,i19); Using where; Using join buffer     |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | r7    | index_merge | i23,i24,i25,i26,i27,i28,i29,i45,i46,i47,i48,i49,i56,i57,i58,i59,i67,i68,i69,i78,i79,i89,i9                                                         | i27,i28     | 2,2     | NULL |  625 | Using intersect(i27,i28); Using where; Using join buffer     |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
9 rows in set (0.06 sec)

Voilà!

Tout fonctionne à merveille! Seulement 0.39 secondes pour solutionner la grille!  Savourons le résultat :

mysql> SELECT *
-> FROM sudoku_rows_view
-> WHERE
-> (r1c1 = 5) AND (r1c2 = 3) AND (r1c5 = 7) AND (r2c1 = 6) AND
-> (r2c4 = 1) AND (r2c5 = 9) AND (r2c6 = 5) AND (r3c2 = 9) AND
-> (r3c3 = 8) AND (r3c8 = 6) AND (r4c1 = 8) AND (r4c5 = 6) AND
-> (r4c9 = 3) AND (r5c1 = 4) AND (r5c4 = 8) AND (r5c6 = 3) AND
-> (r5c9 = 1) AND (r6c1 = 7) AND (r6c5 = 2) AND (r6c9 = 6) AND
-> (r7c2 = 6) AND (r7c7 = 2) AND (r7c8 = 8) AND (r8c4 = 4) AND
-> (r8c5 = 1) AND (r8c6 = 9) AND (r8c9 = 5) AND (r9c5 = 8) AND
-> (r9c8 = 7) AND (r9c9 = 9);
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| r1c1 | r1c2 | r1c3 | r1c4 | r1c5 | r1c6 | r1c7 | r1c8 | r1c9 | r2c1 | r2c2 | r2c3 | r2c4 | r2c5 | r2c6 | r2c7 | r2c8 | r2c9 | r3c1 | r3c2 | r3c3 | r3c4 | r3c5 | r3c6 | r3c7 | r3c8 | r3c9 | r4c1 | r4c2 | r4c3 | r4c4 | r4c5 | r4c6 | r4c7 | r4c8 | r4c9 | r5c1 | r5c2 | r5c3 | r5c4 | r5c5 | r5c6 | r5c7 | r5c8 | r5c9 | r6c1 | r6c2 | r6c3 | r6c4 | r6c5 | r6c6 | r6c7 | r6c8 | r6c9 | r7c1 | r7c2 | r7c3 | r7c4 | r7c5 | r7c6 | r7c7 | r7c8 | r7c9 | r8c1 | r8c2 | r8c3 | r8c4 | r8c5 | r8c6 | r8c7 | r8c8 | r8c9 | r9c1 | r9c2 | r9c3 | r9c4 | r9c5 | r9c6 | r9c7 | r9c8 | r9c9 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|    5 |    3 |    4 |    6 |    7 |    8 |    9 |    1 |    2 |    6 |    7 |    2 |    1 |    9 |    5 |    3 |    4 |    8 |    1 |    9 |    8 |    3 |    4 |    2 |    5 |    6 |    7 |    8 |    5 |    9 |    7 |    6 |    1 |    4 |    2 |    3 |    4 |    2 |    6 |    8 |    5 |    3 |    7 |    9 |    1 |    7 |    1 |    3 |    9 |    2 |    4 |    8 |    5 |    6 |    9 |    6 |    1 |    5 |    3 |    7 |    2 |    8 |    4 |    2 |    8 |    7 |    4 |    1 |    9 |    6 |    3 |    5 |    3 |    4 |    5 |    2 |    8 |    6 |    1 |    7 |    9 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.39 sec)

Trop facile ? Hmmmm!?!? Peut-être!  À moins que…

C’était beaucoup trop beau! Comme nous le verrons au prochain article, plusieurs problèmes pointent à l’horizon (et espérons-le, plusieurs remèdes!) et nous devrons faire beaucoup mieux et plus vite avec les outils que nous avons pour arriver à résoudre certaines grilles très particulières.

En attendant la seconde partie de cet article, amusez-vous bien et expérimentez !

Note: j’ai déjà publié cet article en anglais sur mes autres blogues dont récemment ici (l’autre blogue est disparu depuis longtemps). Ne vous en faites pas, il ne s’agit pas d’un cas de plagiat!!!

Prochaine étape, chers lecteurs, nous apprendrons à presser un citron et à en extraire tout le jus!

Comment presser un citron (préambule).

« La simplicité est la sophistication suprême » (Léonard de Vinci).

Problème : vous avez à trouver, en seulement quelques secondes, un enregistrement unique parmi des milliards de milliards de possibilité et les seules informations dont vous disposez pour faire votre recherche sont de 17 à 35 attributs sur les 81 que contiennent la donnée tant convoitée… Est-ce possible ? Comment faire? De prime abord, ça semble impossible!

« Impossible n’est pas français » comme le dit le dicton (faussement attribué à Napoléon Bonaparte, vexé par le pessimisme de Jean Léonard, comte le Marois).

Il y a bientôt quelques années de cela, un de mes confrères de travail, Claude, m’introduisait au Sudoku. Au tout début, je ne comprenais pas la fascination de celui-ci pour un problème aussi trivial jusqu’à ce que j’essaie de résoudre une de ces grilles par moi-même… Les règles étant si peu nombreuses et si simples, j’ai rapidement été surpris par la complexité demandée pour résoudre ces puzzles. Et j’en suis devenu accroc!

Binary Sudoku

Non, aucun autre puzzle ne semble, en apparence, aussi simple que le Sudoku! Mais derrière ce petit jeu aux règles minimales se cache un univers de complexité qui englobe une branche complète des mathématiques.

Ce n’est que lorsque je me suis buté à un problème difficile (sans arriver à le résoudre) que je me suis intéressé à l’aspect algorithmique de la résolution d’un Sudoku. Évidemment, j’aurais pu télécharger des « sudoku solver » écrits en Java, en Python, en Ruby, en Smalltalk, en BASIC, en T-SQL, en macros Excel, en n’importe quoi et trouver la solution mais le défi était d’écrire moi-même un de ces « sudoku solver ».

Malheureusement, après réflexion, la tâche m’apparaissait trop simple pour être intéressante. Coder un tel outil avec les méthodes de résolution de base et y ajouter une pile de recherche pour y faire du « backtracking » était, en soi, trop facile (du moins, en Smalltalk) pour valoir la peine. Mais à cette époque, étant plongé dans des requêtes SQL dignes des pires labyrinthes pour régler une foule de problèmes au niveau de la base de donnée d’un de nos clients, l’idée m’est venue de trouver une solution « 100% SQL », sans procédures stockées, sans fonctions, seulement UNE requête SQL. Le défi était lancé!

Il est maintenant établi qu’il existe 6670903752021072936960 grilles différentes pour un Sudoku standard de 9×9. Avec les années, plusieurs raffinements et subtilités ont pris en compte les symétries ainsi que diverses particularités des autres variantes du Sudoku pour mieux comprendre et étudier tous les aspects du Sudoku standard. Diverses techniques de résolution, de plus en plus complexes et élaborées, ont vu le jour puis ont été étudiées et améliorées de fond en comble. Les grilles de Sudoku et les carrés latins ont depuis longtemps tenu les mathématiciens occupés et, encore aujourd’hui, de nombreux trésors et concepts mathématiques encore cachés ne demandent qu’à être découverts. Ce petit jeu représente une mine intarissable de surprises pour les mathématiciens et les développeurs : il ne reste qu’à creuser encore plus creux et plus longtemps!

Cet article, divisé en trois parties, s’attaquera aux grilles de Sudoku standard de 9×9, question de garder les choses simples. Nous examinerons une manière de résoudre ces grilles à l’aide d’une solution n’impliquant que du SQL, sans procédure stockée ni script ni fonction : seulement du SQL bête et méchant!

En première partie nous verrons comment créer les données et tout ce dont nous avons besoin pour poursuivre. En seconde partie, nous tenterons d’optimiser notre approche. En troisième partie, nous mesurerons l’impact des différentes optimisations en les comparant.

Mais avant de débuter, vous devez à tout le moins être familier avec les règles du Sudoku standard, les méthodes de résolution et connaître le jargon du métier!  Tout ce dont vous avez besoin savoir se trouve ici.

Matériel nécessaire : une base de données MySQL (bien qu’avec un peu de débrouillardise, vous pouvez adapter les scripts SQL pour un autre SGBD).

Matériel facultatif: si vous désirez expérimenter vous-même et peut-être pousser l’aventure plus loin, un langage de programmation vous permettant de générer des données et/ou des requêtes SQL pourrait s’avérer utile.  Pour vous aider à apprendre Smalltalk (avec Pharo), je vous conseille fortement Pharo par l’exemple.

Dans cette série d’articles, j’utiliserai MySQL 5.1.53 ainsi que Pharo 1.2a.

Résolutions du Nouvel An

Le Nouvel An amène toujours son lot de bonnes intentions, de promesses et de résolutions.  Le temps des Fêtes est aussi l’occasion d’avoir plus de temps pour soi et le loisir de fouiner un peu plus qu’à l’habitude sur internet.  C’est ainsi que, par le plus pur hasard, je me suis retrouvé sur le formidable blogue (en anglais) de Jonathan Pettersson détaillant sa longue aventure dans la construction de son programme d’échecs, Médiocre.

Il n’en fallait pas plus à l’informaticien que je suis et au joueur d’échecs que j’étais pour me donner, à moi aussi, le goût de me lancer dans l’aventure!  Restait à choisir l’orientation que je donnerai au programme, le langage de programmation que j’utiliserai et le nom du programme!

Ces trois aspects déterminants ont été fixés en l’espace d’un instant : afin de privilégier la simplicité et de préserver l’aspect didactique de la chose (j’ai l’intention d’étaler mes progrès et les obstacles rencontrés dans la construction de ce programme tout autant que les aspects spécifiques à Smalltalk ici, sur ce blogue!), le programme sera construit autour d’un générateur de coups valides (sans bitoards), en Smalltalk (Squeak ou Pharo).  De plus, pour l’instant tout porte à croire que le nom de Gnochon lui irait à ravir!  Pour les non-initiés, gnochon est une expression typiquement québécoise signifiant un imbécile, un idiot sans jugement.

Outre ces considérations de base, j’ai établi quelques priorités.  Premièrement, me construire une bibliothèque de positions de tests (gains de matériel, mat en n coups, finales, études, milieux de partie, pièges dans les ouvertures, positions mettant en évidence les effets d’horizon, les positions de Bratko-Kopec, etc) dans le format FEN avec laquelle je pourrai tester ad nauseam mon programme en utilisant SUnit.  En parallèle, il me faudra recueillir le maximum de parties d’échecs en format PGN et consolider celles-ci dans une immense base de données avec Scid pour un jour me bâtir une bibliothèque d’ouverture décente et efficace.  Le site de Lars Balzer me semble tout-à-fait indiqué pour cette tâche!

Le  premier objectif que je me suis fixé à court terme est d’arriver à obtenir un programme pouvant jouer une partie complète, avec toutes les règles des échecs, et un algorithme alpha-beta ayant une fonction d’évaluation minimale (probablement seulement matérielle au départ).

Il me faudra aussi trouver un plugin pour afficher des parties et/ou des diagrammes d’échecs dans WordPress.  Les options ne semblent pas manquer mais j’aimerais avoir votre opinion!

Comme j’ai l’intention me lancer en solo dans ce projet, la documentation et/ou les codes source de programmes d’échecs ne sont pas importants pour l’instant.  Il faut dire que je lis sur le sujet depuis bon nombre d’années et que mon but n’est pas de produire un clone de Crafty, de Médiocre ou de tout autre engin mais bien de réaliser le mien, qu’il joue bien ou pas!

Pour ceux qui aimeraient bénéficier d’un coup de main, la seule référence francophone que je connaisse est l’excellent papier de Jean-Christophe Weill.  Si toutefois vous pouvez lire l’anglais, il existe une multitude de programmes d’échecs dans à peu près tous les langages de programmation et la littérature sur le sujet est plus qu’abondante!

Si vous connaissez des blogues, des sites web ou des ouvrages en français sur le sujet, n’hésitez pas à m’en faire part pour que je puisse en faire profiter tous les lecteurs de ce blogue en les publiant!  La francophonie est grande et il est temps de nous connaître et de nous faire voir et lire!

Sur un tout autre sujet, je devrais bientôt terminer une série d’articles sérieux sur un sujet léger : comment résoudre une grille Sudoku en SQL!  Autres sujets à venir : beaucoup de Smalltalk et de bases de données en vue.  Et depuis 3-4 jours, il est clair que ce blogue traitera aussi beaucoup de programmes d’échecs… et d’un certain gnochon!

1. e4

Que répondras-tu Gnochon ?